Term
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Definition
| altered immunological reaction to an antigen |
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Term
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Definition
Allergic reactions--> IgE
Th2 cytokines tell plasma cells to produce IgE in response to antigens--> form antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| itching, angioedema, urticaria, bronchospasm, hypotension, arrhythmias,GI cramping |
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Term
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Definition
prone to allergies
over react to excessive IgE antibodies on mast cells
** skin, Gi tract, respiratory |
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Term
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Definition
too much mast cell degranulation --> RAPID severe response
EPI pen to treat, anti-histamine is too slow |
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Term
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Definition
Tissue Specific Antigens ( platelets, RBC)
medications/ chemicals bind to antigens and change them
antibody binds to specific antigens --> Ig M or IgG |
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Term
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Definition
Immune Complex --> insoluble antigen antibody complex
precipitates into tissue--> complement comes and inflammatory response
diffuses into tissues
Only immune complex remains, not the antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| type 3, tissue necrosis from allergic reaction --> BV death |
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Term
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Definition
| Rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, neurological disorders |
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Term
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Definition
Cell Mediated --> sensitized T cells, not antibodies
cytotoxic/ helper T
delayed - 24-72 hours |
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Term
| Two Phase Reaction of Type 1 |
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Definition
Initial - within 5-30 minutes--> release of bradykinin
Secondary- 2-8 hours later --> prostaglandins and leukotrienes |
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Term
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Definition
| activate complement cascade |
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Term
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Definition
Skin- rash, hives, atopic dermatitis
Respiratory- wheezing, mucous
GI- N/V/D |
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Term
| Type 2 Mechanisms of Destruction |
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Definition
1. complement mediated lysis
2. phagocytosis by macrophage
3. cell mediated toxicty- Tc
4. Receptor Blockage |
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Term
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Definition
| ABO/ Rh blood transfusions, Thyroditis, Anemia, Medications |
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Term
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Definition
Vasculitis- when precipitates into BV,
Acute Glomerular Nephritis- edema around the body
SLE- precipitates into joints
Serum Sickness |
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Term
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Definition
Attacks skin--> rash, desquamation
Attacks Gi and liver--> nausea, bloody diarrhea and jaundice
Blood Vessels inflammed--> VOD- blocks veins in liver |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to develop unusual or recurrent infections = IMPAIRED IMMUNE SYSTEM
can be congenital or acquired |
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Term
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Definition
S/s - 2-4 weeks after exposure
Flu like symptoms- fever, fatigue, diarrhea, night sweats, swollen glands
Increase in viral replication = decrease in CD4 cells |
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Term
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Definition
| no symptoms ( may have chronically enlarged lymph nodes), lasts about 10 years, may still be contagious, continually dropping of CD4 cells ( risk for opportunistic infection) |
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Term
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Definition
Convert from HIV--AIDs
CD4 drop to < 200
presence of 2 other opportunistic infections, such as cervical cancer, TB, pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
1. proteases
2. integrase
3. reverse transcriptase |
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Term
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Definition
HIV--> AIDs
CD4 < 200 and precense of 2 other "opportunistic" infections , such as TB, cervial cancer pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
1. Pneumocystis carini Pneumonia
2. TB
3. Hairy Leukoplakia, Candidiasis |
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Term
| Nervous System Infections |
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Definition
1. AIDs dementia
2. Toxoplasmoisis Infection of the Brain
3. Leukoencephalopathy |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased number of RBC or decreased quality of Hgb |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Anemia |
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Definition
| Increased Respriatory rate, increase HR, fatigue, pallor, dizziness, murmurs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Normal size, but too few
2. normal #, but too small and little Hgb
3. big but few |
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Term
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Definition
large ( high MVC), good Hgb ( high MCH)
low # of cells due to early death |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Vit B 12 lack |
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Definition
numbness, paresthesias, lemon yellow color, beefy red tongue
Test- serum B 12 level |
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Term
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Definition
| # of cells ok, but too small and little Hgb |
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Term
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Definition
lack intake
bleeding - slow
S/s-- glossitis, brittle, thin concave nails |
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Term
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Definition
Serum iron
Serum feratin -- most valuable
TIBC - increases with low iron |
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Term
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Definition
| problem using Iron to make Hgb, small pale cells, may lead to Iron Overload ( signs of anemia) |
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Term
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Definition
genetic problem with Hgb
autosomal recessive |
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Term
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Definition
1. plug BV
2. hemolysis of RBC - less O2 |
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Term
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Definition
1. vaso-occlusive = clotting
2. sequestration crisis = blood pools in spleen, liver= circulatory collapse
3. Aplastic Crisis = short life of RBC anemia |
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Term
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Definition
decrease in #, good Hgb and size
1. damage to marrow
2. post- hemorrhage
3. hemolytic anemia
4. chronic inflammation anemia - RA, SLE - stop making erythopoetien |
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Term
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Definition
autoimmune- destroys erythrocytes, G6PD- detroys RBC
* Billirubin = jaundice,
* High LDL |
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Term
| Anemia of Chronic Disease |
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Definition
| prevent release of erythropoeitin ( which tells stem cells to become RBC) |
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Term
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Definition
| excess of RBC- secondary caused by : high altitudes, smokers, COPD --> risk for clotting |
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