Term
| define Guillain Barre Syndrome |
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Definition
| It is an autoimmune disease that is often associated with a viral or bacterial infection. The body produces antibodies, which also destroy the myelin sheath of the axon. damage may include axon body. |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of Guillain Barre syndrome |
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Definition
lack of myelination leads to fewer action potentials reaching skeletal muscles, therefore muscles do not contract leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.
other symptoms include: abnormal sensation |
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Term
| why would abnormal sensations occur with Guillain Barre syndrome |
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Definition
| demyelination of sensory receptors |
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Term
| when does Guillain Barre syndrome becoming life threatening |
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Definition
| weakness and paralysis of respiratory muscles are present |
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Term
| Where does loss of sensation and loss of muscle function usually begin in Guillain Barre syndrome? |
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Definition
| "ascending paralysis" - usually begins at feet then progresses up |
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Term
| describe treatment of Guillan Barre syndrome and other autoimmune diseases |
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Definition
| plasmapheresis- quantity of pt blood is taken away to go through a process of washing ie. get rid of antibodies |
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Term
| duration of plasmapheresis |
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Definition
| pt can recover within weeks or years. Hospitalisation required. |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction |
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Term
| two types of myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
1) generalised myasthenia gravis
2) neonatal myasthenia gravis |
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Term
| describe pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
| post synaptic acetylcholine receptors on muscle cell membrane are recognised as foreign. Immune response causes antibodies to destroy these receptors. Destruction causes fewer transmissions of nerve impulses across neuromuscular junction and lack of muscle depolarisations |
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Term
| what does destruction of acetylcholine lead to in myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
| 1) fewer transmissions of nerve impulses and 2) lack of muscle depolarisation |
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Term
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Definition
| acute febrile illness (usually having a viral origin), which causes nervous tissue to become inflamed. |
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Term
| 4 ways encephalitis can occur |
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Definition
1) complication of a systemic disease (poliomyelitis or mononucleosis)
2) arthropod (mosquito borne) illnesses (Murray Valley encephalitis or herpes simplex type 1)
3) recovery from viral infections (rubella)
4) following vaccination with a encephalitis component (rubella, mumps, measles) |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of encephalitis |
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Definition
| mildly infectious- life threatening. fever, delirium, confusion progressing to unconsciousness, cranial nerve palsies, paralysis or paresis, seizure activity |
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