Term
| "neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours" |
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Definition
| "stroke" according to WHO definition |
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Term
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Definition
| Leading disability in the U.S.; 3rd leading cause of death in U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertension; Obesity; Sedentary lifestyle; Increasing age; Hyperlipidemia; Family or personal history; Cigarette smoking; Diabetes mellitus; Hypercoagulable state; Atrial fibrillation; Valvular disease |
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Term
| A stroke in the anterior cerebral artery affects: |
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Definition
| frontal lobe function, which results in altered mental status, contralateral lower limb weakness and sensory change, and gait disturbance. |
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Term
| A stroke in the middle cerebral artery causes: |
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Definition
| Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss, ipsilateral hemianopia, and gaze preference toward the side of the lesion. Agnosia, a loss in ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes or smells, in the absence of a specific sensory deficit or memory loss, is common. If the dominant hemisphere, may cause receptive or expressive aphasia. Neglect may result when the lesion occurs in the parietal cortex. |
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Term
| A stroke in the posterior cerebral artery affects: |
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Definition
| Vision and thought, producing homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness, visual agnosia, altered mental status, and impaired memory. |
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Term
| A stroke in the vertebrobasilar artery causes: |
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Definition
| A wide variety of cranial nerve, cerebellar, and brainstem deficits. These include vertigo, nystagmus, diplopia, visual field deficits, dysphagia, dysarthria, facial sensory loss, syncope, and ataxia. Loss of pain and temperature sensation occurs on the ipsilateral face and contralateral body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents approximately 80% of all cases, occurs when there is disruption of blood flow to the brain, due to blockage of a vessel supplying the brain. |
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Term
| Hemorrhagic, non-traumatic stroke: |
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Definition
| Represents 10-15% of all cases, occurs when there is injury to the brain due to a rupture or leakage from a vessel with subsequent compression of surrounding tissues. |
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Term
| When blood flow to an area is reduced, survival of tissue at risk depends on modifying factors: |
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Definition
| Collateral circulation; Duration of ischemia; Magnitude and rapidity of reduction of flow |
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Term
| Two types of acute ischemic injury: |
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Definition
| GLOBAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA and FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA |
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Term
| GLOBAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA: |
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Definition
| Occurs when there is a generalized reduction of cerebral perfusion such as cardiac arrest, shock, and severe hypoperfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Related to reduction or cessation of blood flow to a localized area of the brain due to large vessel disease (embolic or thrombotic) or small vessel disease (vasculitis) |
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Term
| After this type of stroke, patients are severely neurologically impaired and deeply comatose---persistent vegetative state. (ie: they can open their eyes) |
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Definition
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Term
| After this type of stroke, there is widespread brain infarction |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of stroke, deficits evolve over time and may slowly improve over time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of focal ischemic strokes: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammatory response of artery walls due to accumulation of macrophages and lipoproteins in plaques |
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Term
| Thrombosis commonly presents in areas such as: |
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Definition
| carotid bifurcation, origin of middle cerebral artery and end of basilar artery |
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Term
| Other conditions associated with thrombosis include: |
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Definition
| hypercoagulable state, fibromuscular dysplasia, arteritis (Giant cell and Takayasu), and dissection of a vessel wall |
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Term
| Emboli result from a number of sources, most commonly: |
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Definition
| Cardiac mural thrombi related to myocardial infarction, valvular disease, and atrial fibrillation |
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Term
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Definition
| In the middle cerebral artery distribution because 80% of the blood carried by the large neck arteries flow through the middle cerebral arteries. |
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Term
| Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs due to: |
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Definition
| Rupture of small intraparenchymal vessel |
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Term
| Most common cause of Intracerebral Hemorrhage, accounting for 50% of cases |
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Definition
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Term
| This is due to rupture of berry aneurysm: |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common type of intracranial aneurysm: |
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Definition
| berry aneurysm: It is a thin-walled outpouching at an arterial branch point along the circle of Willis. It is a few millimeters to 2-3 cm and has a bright, red shiny surface with thin wall |
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Term
| Patient presents with sudden, excruciating headache and loss of consciousness in a: |
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Definition
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Term
These are characteristics of which type of stroke:
25 to 50% die with first rupture; Most who survive improve and recover; Rebleeding may occur ? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of vascular malformations: |
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Definition
| Arteriovenous malformations, Cavernous angiomas, and Capillary telangiectasias. AV is most important type—is a tangle of numerous, abnormally tortuous misshapen vessels. |
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Term
| Characteristics of AV malformation: |
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Definition
| Males 2 x as common as females; Usually clinically evident by age 10 to 30; Likely presents as seizure disorder; Commonly affects MCA territory |
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