Term
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. Decreased blood volume-increase heart rate
2.Decreased Urine output (due to aldosterone)
3. Flattened neck veins
4. Hyovolemic shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1.hypertension
2. Neck veins distended
3. pulmonary edema
4. Congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
| hypernateremia Na+ > 147 mEq/L |
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. if hematric is high (normal 40-50) then is dehydration
2.thirst, with dry mucus membranes
3.hypotension with tachycardia (fast breathing)
4. convulsions
*could have diabetes insipidus or insensible water loss through skin and respiration (rest homes) |
|
|
Term
| hyponatramia Na+ < 135 mEq/L |
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. Headache
2. Lethargy
3. confusion
4. increased urine (dilute urine production) |
|
|
Term
| hypokalema potassium < 3.5 mEq/L |
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. insulin administration during Keto acidois can worsen
2. alkalosis
3. diarrhea
4. vomiting
5. nasogastric suctioning
6. diuretics
7. reduced intake K+
8. Low MG++
9. renal tubular failure
10. depressed insulin secretion
11. skeletal muscle weakness
12. decrease smooth muscle tone
13. cardia dysrhythmias
14. hypoventilaton
15. widened s-t intervals |
|
|
Term
| hyperkalemia k+> 5.5 mEq/L |
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. over load of IV k+
2. whole blood in transfusions
3. cell injury
4. Acidosis
5. hypoxic injury
6. insulin deficiency
7. renal failure (most common cause of)
8. cramping
9. paralysis
10. cardiac arrest
11. intestinal cramping
12. tingling of lips and fingers, restlessness
13. tall spiked T waves |
|
|
Term
| hypocalcemia <8.5 mg/dl or 4.0 mg/dl inonized |
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. lack of dairy products or milk
2. lack of vit d or sun
3. recieving blood transfusions
4. removal or disease of parathyroid glands
5. excess dietary phosphates
6. muscle cramping
7. convulsions and tetany in skeletal muscle
8. Prolonged QT intervals-fibrillation
9. Intestinal cramping and hyperactive bowel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. hyper-parathyroidism
2. bone metastasis
3. sarcoidosis
4. excess vit d
5. fatigue, weakness, lethargy, anoreia, nausea
6. depressed t waves |
|
|
Term
| hypomagnesemia < 1.5 mEq/L |
|
Definition
clinical manifestations-
1. malnutrition
2. malabsorption
3. alcholism
5. acidosis
6. thiazide diuretics
7. diabetes mellitus
8. prolonged sweating in hot evironments
9. exercise
10. depression
11. confusion
12. cramps |
|
|
