Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Rods Facultative Anaerobe Causes: Anthrax Forms spores. Often found in animals (carcasses) and in the dirt. |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Negative Coccobacilli
Facultative Intracellular
Causes: Brucellosis (a zoonosis)
Flagelated. Transmitted to humans by contact with infected animal. Diagnosis: Serology or Culture |
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Term
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Definition
| Diderm Anaerobic Causes: Lyme Disease (Bulls Eye Rash) Spirochete. Spread by ticks. High virulence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Coccobacillus (Short Rods) Aerobic Causes: Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Spread by airborne droplets. Humans are the only host. Effective by Pertussis Toxin? Diagnose: PCR. serology. Culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Rods Obligate Anaerobe Causes: Peritoneal infections, bacteremia, abscesses. Normal Flora: Colon, Throat, Vagina. Usually commensal, but infectious if displaced into bloodstream (surgery, trauma). Below diaphragm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Facultative Intracellular Parasite? Causes: Cat Scratch disease (B. henselae [rod]) Can infect healthy people, but also opportunistic. Transmitted by vectors (ticks, fleas, mosquitos) |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Negative Spirals.
Microaerophilic
Causes: Bloody diarrhea. In the colon. Treat with antibiotics. |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Negative
Obligate Intracellular
Found:
Major cause of pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Ovoid Obligate Intracellular Causes: Trachoma (eye infection), urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia, conjunctiva, LGV (lymph infection: buboes around groin, neck, or anus) Look for inclusion bodies on gram stain! |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Rod Anaerobic Causes: Botulism Produces Botulinum Toxin (Neurotoxin) Normal Flora (Colon). |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Rods Anaerobe Causes: Pseudomembranous colitis, C. Diff diarrhea Found in water, feces, soil, most surfaces, etc. Normal Flora: Colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Rods Obligate anaerobe Causes: Tetanus Creates spores. Found in soil, dust, sediment. Normal Flora: Colon |
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Term
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
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Definition
| Gram Positive Rods Aerobic Causes: Diphtheria Produces Diphtheria toxin (inhibits protein synthesis) .... |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Coccobacillus Obligate Intracellular Causes: Q Fever Found in sheep/cattle/goat waste |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Cocci Obligate Intracellular Causes: Ehrlichiosis (Fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches. Treat with Doxy) Zoonotic. Tick borne illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Facultative Anaerobe Causes: Eikenella infection (periodontitis, osteomyelitis, etc) Normal Flora: Mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Rods Facultative Anaerobic Causes: Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection Opportunistic and often nosocomial. Sometimes drug resistant. |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Positive Cocci Facultative Anaerobes Normal Flora: Colon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Rods. Facultative anaerobe. Culture: Lactose-fermenting, beta-hemolytic Produces Shiga toxin Causes: UTI, Traveler's Diarrhea, Neonatal Meningitis Normal Flora: Colon, vagina, |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative coccobacillus (Zoonosis) Aerobic Causes: Tularemia Source: Rabbits, Deer, Ticks (Contact or Tick Bite) Diagnosis: Serology |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Variable Facultative Anaerobe Causes: Bacterial Vaginosis (disruption of Normal Flora) Selective Media: Colistin-oxolinic acid blood agar (Grows on Chocolate agar and HBT agar) Normal Flora: Vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative coccobacillus Causes: Chancroid (STI causing painful genital ulcers, green feces) Generally opportunistic. Cultured on chocolate agar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Coccobacillus Facultative Anaerobe. Causes: bacteremia, pneumonia, epiglottitis, acute bacterial meningitis, Otitis Media. Opportunistic Pathogen! Normal Flora: Throat. Diagnose: Culture. capsular polysaccharide in serum or spinal fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Helix microaerophilic Causes: Gastritis, Peptic ulcer Stained with: Gram, Giemsa, haematoxilyn-eosin, WS Silver, Orange, and Phase-contrast Found in the stomach? |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram negative rods Facultative anaerobe Normal Flora: Mouth, Skin, Intestines Causes: Primary Pneumonia, UTI Stain: Gram Stain (Made for K. pneumonia) |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Positive Bacilli Facultative Anaerobes or Microaerophilics Normal Flora: Mouth, Colon, Vagina
Opportunistic. Causes: Dental carries, infections? |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative pleomorphic Aerobic Causes: Legionnaires Disease (Pneumonia Subtype) Stain: Prolonged Stain time! |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Rods No anaerobic growth, no spore, no exotoxins. Food Borne! Causes: Meningitis, Sepsis Stain: Gram Neonate/Immunosuppression predisposing factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Diplococcus Aerobe Causes: Meningitis, Otitis media, sinusitis Diagnose: Culture |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Rod Stain: Blood or McConkey Usually nosocomial/opportunistic Causes: UTI (outside tract) |
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Term
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Definition
| M. kansasii: TB-like syndrome M. marinum: Swimming pool granuloma M. avium-intracellulare complex: TB-like syndrome in immunocompromised |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| No cell wall. Classified as parasite. Causes: Mycoplasma Pneumonia (atypical pneumonia related to cold-agglutinin disease), |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Negative Coccus (Usually in pairs) Facultative intracellular Causes: Gonorrhea (dysuria, discharge, pain)
Normal Flora: Mouth, Nasopharynx. Culture: Fastidious (Require chocolate agar with CO2 Urine tests/sample. Gram stain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Coccos Causes: Meningitis (fever, headache, neck stiffness, coma), meningococcal disease (septicemia) Diagnosis: Chocolate Agar/Thayer-Martin Agar, Exclusively human. Normal Flora: Mouth, Nasopharynx. Medical emergency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Bacillus Catalase positive, Cause: Nocardiosis (lung/systemic infection, weakened immune system) Stain: Ziehl-Neelson stain, weakly acid-fast. Found in soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Coccobacillus Causes: Infection from cat/dog bites, bacteremia, and meningitis. Rapidly spreading cellulitis. Look for lymphangitis. Penicillin-sensitive. Found in animals and humans. Diagnosis: Wound Culture. |
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Term
| Prevotella melaninogenica |
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Definition
| Gram Negative Coccobacilli Obligate Anaerobic, Opportunistic Normal Flora: Dental. Found in the rumen of cattle/sheep. Cause: Deep tissue infections! Sepsis. Opportunistic infections (oral abscesses, gut infections, respiratory infections, female genitalia infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Bacillus Found in decomposing animal matter, sewage, human/animal waste, manure soil. Opportunistic pathogens often causing sepsis and urinary tract infections. Often nosocomial. Culture: MacConkey agar. Includes: P. vulgaris, P. penneri, P. mirabilis |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Opportunistic. Cause: Urinary tract infections (particularly in patients with long-term catheters or severe burns). |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram negative bacillus Aerobic Opportunistic. Often cross-infection causing (on hospital supplies), Implicated in hot tub rash. Can cause fatal results in organs. Otitis media. Found: Soil, water, skin flora, man-made environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Pleomorphic (cocci, rods, stringlike) Obligate Intracellular Parasite Carried by arthropods (chiggers, ticks, lice, etc) Causes: Typhoid fever, Rickettsialpox, Boutonneuse fever, African tick bite fever, Rocky mountain spotted fever, Flinders Island spotted fever, Queensland tick typhus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Bacillus Found: Dirt, "Sterile" places, subgingival biofilm of teeth. Causes: (Opportunistic) Hospital Acquired Infections: catheter-associated bacteremia, UTI, pneumonia. (Respiratory/UTI in adults, GI in kids) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Bacillus Facultative anaerobe Found: Contaminated food/water (fecal-oral) Causes: Shigellosis (bacterial dysentary) Cultured: Selective Plates (XLD agar, DCA agar, Hektoen enteric agar. Toxin: Shiga Toxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Cocci Facultative Anaerobe Found: Normal Flora (Skin, nostril) Causes: Infections from skin (impetigo, cellulitis) to organ systems (pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis) |
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Term
| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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Definition
| Gram Positive Cocci Facultative anaerobe Found: Normal Flora (Skin, Nostril) Causes: Hospital-Acquired/Opportunistic infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Cocci Facultative Anaerobe Found: Normal Flora (GI, GU tract) Culture: Beta-hemolysis on Blood Agar plates |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Cocci Facultative Anaerobe Found: Normal Flora (Nasopharynx) Causes: PNEUMONIA, 2nd most common in Otitis media, meningitis. Mostly opportunistic! |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Cocci Found: Normal Flora (Throat) Causes: scarlet fever, Impetigo, pharyngitis, sepsis, toxic shock Culture: Group A hemolysis on blood agar |
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Term
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Definition
Bovis: Gram Positive Cocci. Found: Normal Flora (Colon). Cause: Endocarditis. Alpha/Gamma hemolysis.
Equinus: |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative spirochete Found: Diagnose: Dark Field Illumination Cause: Syphilis, bejel, pinta, yaws?? |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Curve-shaped Facultative Anaerobe Found: Contaminated water or undercooked seafood Causes: Watery diarrhea! Gastroenteritis, septicemia, cholera, etc. Small intestine. Treat with fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Bacillus Found: Nature (Intestines of mammals, avians, cold-blooded species, and terrestrial/aquatic niches. Causes: Enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, terminal ileitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, pseudoappendicitis, fatal sepsis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Bacillus Facultative anaerobe Found: Rodents Causes: Bubonic plague, septicemic plague, pneumonic plague Visualize: PCR
Identified: Immunoflourescence or culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Negative Causes: Pneumonia (in immunocompromised with underlying lung disease [CF or chronic granulomatous disease]) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram Positive Bacillus Anaerobe Causes: Acne, chronic blepharitis, endophthalmitis Found: Normal Flora (Skin) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Systemic. Patient usually constipated. |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Negative Bacillus
Aerobic |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Positive
Normal Flora: Mouth
Alpha hemolysis
Cause: Endocarditis |
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