Term
| Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis |
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Definition
-stationary blood clot within a vessel.
-refers to the formation of clots at the site of the thrombus.
-Thrombophlebitis---inflammation with thrombus
--> warm, tender, red, swollen
- dital flow results in ischemia |
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Term
| Inflammation (Vasculitis, Arteritis, and Phlebitis) |
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Definition
-Vasculitis: inflammation of the intima of an artery
-Arteritis: inflammartory process of autoimmune origin
-Phlebitis: inflammation of the lining of a vein |
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Term
| Embolus and Thromboembolus |
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Definition
-Collection of material that forms a clot within the bloodstream (could be air, thrombus, or plaque)
- the clot travels to a distant point
- Thromboembolus: embolus that began as a thrombus and was dislodged from the vessel intima |
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Term
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Definition
| -sudden involuntary constriction of arterial smooth muscle that results in an obstruction to flow |
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Term
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Definition
Obstruction of blood flow due to trauma, constriction, or swelling
--> may lead to hypoxia, ischemia, or necrosis of tissue |
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Term
| Blood vessel structural alteration: valvular incompetence |
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Definition
| intimal folds of veins that forms valves can be damaged interfering with blood flow in the venous system |
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Term
| Blood vessel structural alteration: arteriovenous fistulas |
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Definition
- abnormal communication between arteries and veins
- usually congenital in origin
- symptoms depend on size |
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Term
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Definition
| Arteriosclerosis is a generic term meaning “hardening of the arteries” which is characterized by thickening and lumen narrowing of small arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| affects intermediate-sized and large vessels in which lipids collect along the intimal surface producing a narrowing and reduction in blood flow. |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis (8) |
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Definition
- smoking
- male gender
- hyperlipidemia
- advancing age
- obesity
- sedentary life-style
- glucose intolerance
- family history |
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Term
| Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis |
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Definition
- Possibility---high concentrations of cholesterol in the serum in the form of LDL are transported into muscle tissues of an artery where they cause irritation.
- This process causes structural alterations leading to the formation of plaque.
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammatory occlusice vascular disease involving medium-sized arteries and veins
- seen in men under 40 of Jewish and Asian decent with history of heavy smoking
- Commonly effects legs a feet
- Periods of remission and exacerbations
- Causes: genetic disposition, smoking, and immune response |
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Term
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Definition
-extreme vasoconstrictive response of the arteries int he hands and fingers in response to cold/ stress
- primarily young women
- manefestations: throbbing, burning, pain, erythema (red-white-blue disease)
- digital arteries go into spasm |
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Term
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Definition
-LOcalized arterial permanent dialation (arterial wall weakers until it bulges outward)
- clinical manifestations depend on site
- underlying cause: atherosclerotic changes in a vessel, trauma, congenital weakness, infection, inflammation |
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Term
| Classification of Aneurysms |
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Definition
True: all 3 layers of vessel involved (Saccular--one side of vessel weakened, Fusiform: both sides weakened)
False: at least one layer of hte vessels is unaffected (dissecting: tear int he vessel wall that creates a channel of blood flow between the layers of the vessel) |
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Term
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Definition
Manifestations: 6 "P"s
- Pallor
- Paresthesia [loss of sensation]
- Paralysis
- Pain [continuous and crushing]
- Polar [cold to touch]
- Pulselessness in affected area
- embolism lodges in a major artery followed by decreased circulation to the extremity
- usually surgical emergency |
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Term
| Risks for vascular insufficiency: Arterial (8) |
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Definition
smoking
atherosclerosis
inflammatory:Buergers
trauma
DIC
emboli from LV
vasospasm
diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| Risks for vascular insufficiency: Venous (8) |
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Definition
stasis of bloodflow
-immobility
-R heart failure
-prolonged standing
-obesity
-pregnancy
trauma
hypercoagulable
--high platelets
--high hematocrit |
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Term
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Definition
--S&S: distended veins, heaviness in legs, swelling in lower extremeties, stasis ulcers
- superficial vein that is twisted and enlarged
- most often in lower extremeties w/ familial disposition
- incompetent valves -> increased venous pressure -> venous stasis |
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Term
| Chronic Venous insufficiency |
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Definition
-- skin pigmentation becomes brown, venous stasis ulcers may develop, aching and cramping in legs
- results when valvular incompetency/blockage w/i venous sys. advances to involve deep veins |
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Term
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) |
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Definition
--S&S: extremity edema, general leg pain, fever, redness, tenderness, positive Homan's sign
- acute venous obstruction due to thrombus, trauma, thermal injury, septic state, most common in lower extremity
- may be life threatening |
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Term
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Definition
--S&S: regional edema, thickened subcutaneous tissue
- impairment of circulation of lymph
- chngs in capillary osmotic pressures increase filtration overwhelm the lymphatic circulatory sys. |
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