Term
| how measure clonality for neoplasia |
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Definition
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Term
benign nomenclature:
- epithelium
- mesenchyme
-lymphocyte
- melanocyte |
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Definition
- adenoma/papilloma
- lipoma
- does not exist
- nevus |
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Term
malignant nomenclature:
-epithelium
- mesenchyme
- lymphocyte
- melanocyte |
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Definition
- adenocarcinoma/papillary carcinoma
- liposarcoma
- lymphoma/leukemia
- melanoma |
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Term
| most common cancers by incidence |
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Definition
| breast/prostate, lung, colorectal |
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Term
| most common cancers by mortality |
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Definition
| lung, breast/prostate, colorectal |
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Term
| _________ divisions before clinical symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| goal of screening is to _________ or _________ |
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Definition
| catch dysplasia before carcinoma, or carcinoma before clinical symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, nuclear regulators, cell cycle regulators |
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Term
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Definition
| heptocelluar carcinoma, from Aspergillus |
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Term
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Definition
| leukemia/lymphoma, from chemo |
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Term
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Definition
| SCC of oropharynx and upper esophagus, pancreatic carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
| SCC of skin, lung cancer, angiosarcoma of liver; in cigarette smoke |
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Term
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Definition
| lung carcinoma and mesothelioma |
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Term
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Definition
| oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney and bladder; most common carcinogenn; polycyclic hydrocarbons |
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Term
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Definition
| stomach carcinoma; smoked foods in Japan |
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Term
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Definition
| urothelial carcinoma of bladder; cigarette smoke |
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Term
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Definition
| angiosarcoma of liver; in pipes |
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Term
| nickel, chromium, beryllium or silica |
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Definition
| lung carcinoma; occupational |
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Term
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Definition
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt, and CNS lymphoma in AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| kaposi sarcoma: easter europeans, AIDS and transplant pts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
| SCC of vulva, vagina, anus and cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix |
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Term
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Definition
| AML, CML and papillary carcinoma of thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
| BCC< SCC and melanoma of skin; formation of pryimidine dimers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| growth factor receptor oncogenes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MEN 2A, MEN 2B, sporadic medullary carcinoma of thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| signal transducer oncogenes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| carcinomas, melanoma and lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| nuclear regulator oncogenes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| burkitt lymphoma: T(8;14) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cell cycle regulator oncogenes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mantle cell lymphoma; t(11;14) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits activity of GTPase activation protein and prolongs activated RAS, resulting in increased growth signals |
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Term
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Definition
| p53 upregulates BAS which disrupts Bcl2; the causes cytochrome c to leak from mitochondria thus activating caspases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how Rb regulates G1 --> S |
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Definition
| Rb holds E2F; E2F is released when Rb is phosphorylated |
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Term
Rb mutation:
-sporadic mutation
- germline mutation |
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Definition
- unilateral retinoblastoma
- bilateral retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma |
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|
Term
Bcl2:
- function
- overexpression |
|
Definition
- normally stabilized mitochondrial membrane, blocking -release of cytochrome c (no apoptosis)
- follicular lymphoma via t(14;18) |
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Term
| how cancer avoids immune surveillance |
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Definition
| downregulating expression of MHC class I |
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Term
| examples of hematogenous spread |
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Definition
| renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular, follicular, choriocarcinoma |
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Term
| benign histologic features |
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Definition
| organized growth, unifor nuclei, low nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, minimal mitotic activity, lack of invasion, no metastaic potential |
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Term
| malignant histologic features |
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Definition
| diorganized, nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia, high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, high mitotic activity, invasion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| neuroendocrine cells: small cell lung cancer, carcinoid tumors |
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Term
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Definition
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