Term
| How are primary tumors dx? commonality of primary bone tumors? |
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Definition
- dx in light of:
- patient's age
- sites involved
- signs and symptoms
- radiographic appearances
- pathological fractures
- primary bone tumos are uncommon relative to metastatic tumors to bone
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Term
| Primary bone tumors: classification |
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Definition
- matrix producing (bone, cartilage, fibrous matrix)
- non matrix producing "round cell" tumors (marrow elements)
- others
- vascular
- neural
- giant cell
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Term
| Metastatic tumors to bone: most common origins, types of lesions seen with metastatic tumors |
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Definition
- PT Barnum Loves Kids
- prostate
- thyroid
- testicles
- breast
- lung
- kidney
- most produce osteolytic lesions
- except prostate: osteoblastic lesions
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Term
| osteochondroma (epidemiology, gross pathology) |
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Definition
- epidemiology- young adults, teenagers
- gross pathology
- solitary tumor
- benign
- at metaphyseal or juxta-epiphyseal region of long bones with cortex and medulla in continuity with the tumor
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Term
| osteosarcomas (epidemiology, common location, prognosis, histopathology) |
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Definition
- location- usually in metaphysis of growing bone (distal femur, proximal bone)
- epidemiology- young individuals
- prognosis- 60% five year survivial with chemotx
- very bad without chemotx (metastases to lung and liver)
- malignant
- histopathology
- combo of lytic and blastic features
- high grade sarcomatous pattern with tumor osteoid
- may extend into soft tissue, but usually do ont advance beyond the epiphysis or articular cartilage
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Term
| secondary osteogenic sarcomas (epidemiology, causes, prognosis) |
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Definition
- epidemiology- adults
- causative agents
- Paget's disease
- radiation therapy
- other benign conditions
- prognosis
- tumors are high grade, permeative, and usually don't respond to chemotx
- poor survival
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Term
| endochondroma- definition, epidemiology, histopathology, common location |
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Definition
- definition- benign tumor of cartilage
- epidemiology- children, young adults
- common location- small hand bones
- histopathology
- nests of hyaline cartilage with arcs of calcification
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Term
| chondrosarcoma- definition, epidemiology, common location, histopathology, prognosis |
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Definition
- definition- malignant tumor of cartilage
- epidemiology- adults, elderly
- common location- metaphysis of long bones or within pelvic bones
- prognosis- correlated with tumor grade
- tend to be less aggressive than osteosarcomas
- histopathology
- tumor cells with marked atypical hyperchromatic nuclei
- tumor cells within chondroid matrix
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Term
| Name the non matrix producing tumors aka round cell tumors. Most common location |
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Definition
- Ewing's sarcoma
- multiple myeloma
- reticulum cell sarcoma
- most common location- infiltrative permeative pattern within the diaphysis
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Term
| Ewing's sarcoma: prognosis, common location, radiologic findings, genetics, epidemiology |
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Definition
- genetics- 11:22 translocation (11+22 = 33 Patrick EWING's number)- also present in neuroectodermal tumors
- common location- meta-diaphyseal region of long bones
- radiologic findings
- concentric onion skin reactive bone formation
- epidemiology- young adulots
- prognosis- high grade malignant tumor
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Term
| multiple myeloma: epidemiology, common location, radiograph findings, histopathology, lab findings |
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Definition
- radiograph findings- punched out lytic lesions in skull
- epidemiology- elderly
- histopathology- lytic lesions show aggregates of atypical plasma cells
- lab findings
- increase levels of Ig and Bence-Jones proteinuria
- common location- multiple bones
- vertebrae
- ribs
- skull
- shoulder
- pelvic girdle
- long bones
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Term
| giant cell tumors: epidemiology, common location, radiological findins, histopathology, prognosis, tumors that need to be distinguished from |
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Definition
- epidemiology- young adults
- common location- within epiphysis of lon bones (distal femurs, proximal tibia)
- radiological appearance- "soap bubble" appearance
- histopathology- composed of plump spindled mesenchymal like cells with scattered giant cells
- prognosis- low aggressive potential with possible recurrence following surgery
- must be distinguished from brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism
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Term
| synovial sarcoma: common location, definition, histopathology, prognosis |
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Definition
- definition- soft tissue malignacy
- location- predominantly found in lower extremity about the knee
- histopathology
- biphasic pattern
- immature spindle cells sarcomatous elements
- cuboidal epithelial element resembling synovial cells
- spindle cell component has clefts or spaces that are lined by epithelial like cells in form of tubules or cords that mimic synovial lining
- prognosis- grow regionally over first years and later metastasize to LN's and lung
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Term
| pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS): common location, histopathology, gross pathology, characteristics |
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Definition
- common location- knee
- characteristics
- proliferative neoplasm
- inflammatory process
- histopathology
- exuberant nodular and papillary tenosynovitis
- with cellular regions of giant cells, macrophages, xathomatous cells, and hemosiderin deposition
- unclear pathogenesis
- gross pathology- bulky, ropey tumor
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