Term
| What is repair tissue in a deep wound called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What events characterize inflammation |
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Definition
pathogenic insult followed by * generation of inflammatory mediators *movement of fluid and leucocytes to tissues from blood |
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Term
| What is the purpose of inflammation |
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Definition
to eliminate pathogen to remove injured tissue |
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Term
| What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation |
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Definition
rubor (redness) dolor (pain) calor (heat) tumor (swelling |
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Term
| What is the role of parenchymal cells in inflammation |
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Definition
send chemical signal to activate mediators |
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Term
| What is the role of ECM glycoproteins in inflammatory response |
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Definition
| display of chemical signals for further activation |
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Term
| What is the role of cytokines |
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Definition
change vascular structure of wall leakage and emigration |
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Term
What cell components are characteristic of acute inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| PLatelet stimulation is a hallmark of _______inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| list the cell components of chronic inflammation |
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Definition
macrophages lymphocytes plasma cells |
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Term
| What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation |
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Definition
RASP resolution abcess scar persistent inflammation |
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Term
| Arterioles show transient _______________ and precapillary arterioles show ________________ in response to injury |
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Definition
vasoconstriction vasodilation |
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Term
| List the types of exudates that result from vascular permeability |
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Definition
effusion transudate exudate serous exudate serosanginous exudate fibrinous exudate purulent exudate suppurative inflammation |
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Term
| What type of exudate has high lipid and protein |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between effusion and edema |
|
Definition
edema = fluid in interstitial tissue effusion = fluid in cavities (ex pleural space) |
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Term
| What type of exudate is characterized by necrosis and pus |
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Definition
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Term
| What would thrombosis and congestive heart failure do to hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| kidney and liver diseases have what effect |
|
Definition
reduce oncotic pressure (both conditions result in less protein synthesis/ protein damage) |
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Term
| What would malnutrition do ? |
|
Definition
reduce oncotic pressure (body has less plasma proteins ) |
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Term
| Prostaglandin is an important _____________, that is derived from |
|
Definition
mediator of inflammation PLA2 --> arachidonic acid --> prostaglandins |
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|
Term
| What enzymes catalyze prostaglandin synthesis? |
|
Definition
cyclooxygenase enzymes (by arachidonic acid cleavage) |
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|
Term
Name 2 arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitors What effect would this have on inflammation |
|
Definition
corticosteroids NSAIDS they are anti-inflammatory agents |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of corticosteroid action |
|
Definition
| inhition of PLA --> no Arachidonic acid formation |
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Term
| What substances are involved in platelet adherence, aggregation and degranulation? |
|
Definition
exposed fibrillar collagen thrombin serotonin (degranulation) |
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Term
| What role do leukocytes have? |
|
Definition
| produce arachidonic acid + metabolites |
|
|
Term
| what role do platelets have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cells store histamine ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHich type of cells have platelet activating factor? |
|
Definition
| monocytes and macrophages |
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|
Term
| What effect do endothelial cells have on inflammatory response? |
|
Definition
DAMPEN response via mediators (Ex PGI2) |
|
|
Term
| list plasma dervided vasoactive mediators |
|
Definition
Hageman FActor + kinins plasmin plasma kallikrein complement system HPPC |
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Term
| What two important types of reactions do plasma-derived vasoactive mediators cause? |
|
Definition
coagulation cascade complement system |
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|
Term
| What does Hageman Factor 12 do? |
|
Definition
make plasmin activate kallikrein activate coagulation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
activate fibrinolysis complement activation |
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|
Term
What is the result of complement activation? |
|
Definition
vasoactive mediators MAC complex anaphylatoxins |
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|
Term
List some examples of anaphylotoxins What do they do? |
|
Definition
C3a, C4a, C5a * stimulate histamine release *enhance permeability *muscle contraction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
generate kinins for amplification of inflammatory response |
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|
Term
| What is responsible for activation of the coagulation system, and what is the end result of this ? |
|
Definition
Hageman factor thrombin causes clot formation |
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|
Term
| What does the second phase of acute inflammation involve? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What role do selectins have? Integrins? |
|
Definition
selectins --> margination integrins--> emigration chemotaxis |
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|
Term
| fibrosis tends to be a result of __________inflammation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| List some examples of chronic inflammation |
|
Definition
rheumatoid arthritis lupus glomerulonephritis infectious gastritis |
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|
Term
| Macrophage proliferation and tissue destruction if a characteristic of _____________inflammation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What cells are involved in granulomatous inflammation |
|
Definition
macrophages epitheloid cells (type of macrophage) lymphocytes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
caseous granuloma allergic granuloma foreign body giant granuloma |
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|
Term
| Systemic manifestation of acute and chronic inflammation |
|
Definition
fever, cough shock fatigue leukocytosis / leukopenia acute phase response |
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|
Term
| What are the hallmarks of acute phase response? |
|
Definition
fever leukocytosis no appetite change in plasma levels of acute phase protein |
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Term
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Definition
| the orderly process by which a deep wound is eventually replaced by a scar |
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|
Term
granulation tissue formation begins ______ hours after a wound injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells constitute granulation tissue? |
|
Definition
fibroblasts myofibroblasts macrophages |
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|
Term
| What are the steps in granulation tissue? |
|
Definition
1. angiogenesis 2. cell proliferation 3. deposition of ECM 4. collagen synthesis 5. extensive crosslinking |
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|
Term
| What type of collagen is found in scars |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Key steps in collagen synthesis and assembly |
|
Definition
*synthesis *procollagen assembly *intracellular processsing *secretion *extracellular processing *formation of collagen fibers |
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|
Term
| Why does vitamin c deficiency cause inadequate wound healing |
|
Definition
Vit C required for intracellular processing of collagen |
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|
Term
| List the key steps in wound healing |
|
Definition
contraction regeneration repair +granulation tissue formation |
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|
Term
| What defines healing by primary intention |
|
Definition
| healing of wounds with apposed edges |
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Term
| List causes of non-inflammatory edema |
|
Definition
kidney damage liver damage thrombosis malnutrition lymphedema |
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|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits cyclooxygenase therefore, arachidonic cannot be metabolized to prostaglandins |
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|
Term
| How is Hageman factor activated? |
|
Definition
exposure to negatively charged surface (ex. basement membrane) bacterial LPS enzymes |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of eosinophils in inflammation |
|
Definition
stores histamine involved in parasitic cases + allergic reactions |
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