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1 In an experiment, surgical incisions are made in a study group of laboratory rats. Observations about the wounds are recorded over a 2-week period using various chemical mediators. Which of the following steps in the inflammatory-repair response is most likely affected by neutralization of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)? □ (A) Leukocyte extravasation □ (B) Increase in vascular permeability □ (C) Production of collagen □ (D) Chemotaxis of lymphocytes □ (E) Migration of epithelial cells
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 22). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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2 A 60-year-old woman developed chest pain that persisted for 4 hours. A radiographic imaging procedure showed an apparent myocardial infarction involving a 3 × 4 cm area of the posterior left ventricular free wall. Laboratory findings showed serum creatine kinase of 600 U/L. The patient received anti-arrhythmic and pressor agents to treat the decreased cardiac output while in the hospital. Which of the following pathologic findings would most likely be seen in the left ventricle 1 month later? □ (A) Abscess □ (B) Complete resolution □ (C) Coagulative necrosis □ (D) Nodular regeneration Fibrous scar
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 22). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition.
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 22). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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3 An experiment infects one group of test animals with viral hepatitis. Two months later, complete recovery of the normal liver architecture is observed when the livers from these animals are examined microscopically. A second test group is infected with bacterial organisms, and after the same period of time, fibrous scars from resolving abscesses are seen microscopically in the livers. Which of the following factors best explains the different outcomes for the two test groups? □ (A) Nature of the etiologic agent □ (B) Extent of liver cell injury □ (C) Injury to the connective tissue framework □ (D) Location of the lesion □ (E) Extent of damage to the bile ducts
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 22). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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4 A 23-year-old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune disease has an abscess on her upper outer right arm. She undergoes minor surgery to incise and drain the abscess, but the wound heals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspects of wound healing is most likely to be deficient in this patient? □ (A) Re-epithelialization □ (B) Fibroblast growth factor elaboration □ (C) Collagen deposition □ (D) Serine proteinase production □ (E) Neutrophil infiltration
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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5 A cesarean section is performed on a 20-year-old woman to deliver a term infant, and the lower abdominal incision is sutured. The sutures are removed 1 week later. Which of the following statements best describes the wound site at the time of suture removal? □ (A) Granulation tissue is still present □ (B) Collagen degradation exceeds synthesis □ (C) Wound strength is 80% of normal tissue □ (D) Type IV collagen predominates □ (E) No more wound strength will be gained
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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6 A 40-year-old man underwent laparotomy for a perforated sigmoid colon diverticulum. A wound infection complicated the postoperative course, and surgical wound dehiscence occurred. Primary closure was no longer possible, and the wound “granulated in.” Six weeks later, the wound is only 10% of its original size. Which of the following processes best accounts for the observed decrease in wound size over the past 6 weeks? □ (A) Increase in synthesis of collagen □ (B) Myofibroblast contraction □ (C) Inhibition of metalloproteinases □ (D) Resolution of subcutaneous edema □ (E) Elaboration of adhesive glycoproteins
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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7 In an experiment involving observations on wound healing, researchers noted that intracytoplasmic cytoskeletal elements, including actin, interact with the extracellular matrix to promote cell attachment and migration in wound healing. Which of the following substances is most likely responsible for such interaction between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix? □ (A) Epidermal growth factor □ (B) Fibronectin □ (C) Integrin □ (D) Platelet-derived growth factor □ (E) Type IV collagen □ (F) Vascular endothelial growth factor
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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8 In an experiment, release of epidermal growth factor into an area of denuded skin causes mitogenic stimulation of the skin epithelial cells. Which of the following proteins is most likely to be involved in transducing the mitogenic signal from the epidermal cell membrane to the nucleus? □ (A) G proteins □ (B) RAS proteins □ (C) Cyclin D □ (D) Cyclic AMP □ (E) Cyclin-dependent kinase
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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9 An experiment analyzes factors involved in the cell cycle during growth factor–induced cellular regeneration in a tissue culture. Cyclin B synthesis is induced; the cyclin B binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). The active kinase produced by this process is most likely to control progression in which of the following phases of the cell cycle? □ (A) G0 to G1 □ (B) G1 to S □ (C) S to G2 □ (D) G2 to M □ (E) M to G1
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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10 An experiment is conducted involving cellular aspects of wound healing. Components of the extracellular matrix are analyzed to determine their sites of production and their binding patterns to other tissue components. Which of the following molecules synthesized by fibroblasts can best bind to cellular integrins and extracellular collagen and attach epidermal basal cells to basement membrane? □ (A) Heparin □ (B) Dermatan sulfate □ (C) Procollagen □ (D) Fibronectin □ (E) Hyaluronic acid
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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11 An 18-year-old man lacerated his left hand and required sutures. The sutures were removed 1 week later. Wound healing continued, but the site became disfigured by a prominent raised, nodular scar that developed over the next 2 months. Which of the following terms best describes the process that occurred during this 2-month period? □ (A) Organization □ (B) Dehiscence □ (C) Resolution □ (D) Keloid formation □ (E) Secondary union
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition.
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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12 An experiment involves factors controlling wound healing. Skin ulcerations are observed, and the factors involved in the healing process are analyzed. Which of the following factors is most likely to be effective in promoting angiogenesis? □ (A) Platelet-derived growth factor □ (B) Epidermal growth factor □ (C) Basic fibroblast growth factor □ (D) Endostatin □ (E) Interleukin-1
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 23). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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13 A 24-year-old man with acute appendicitis undergoes surgical removal of the inflamed appendix. The incision site is sutured. A trichrome-stained section of the site is shown in the figure. How long after the surgery would this appearance most likely be seen? □ (A) 1 day □ (B) 2 to 3 days □ (C) 4 to 5 days □ (D) 2 weeks □ (E) 1 month
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 24). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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14 A 50-year-old woman tests positive for hepatitis A antibody. The serum AST level is 275 U/L, and ALT is 310 U/L. One month later, these enzyme levels have returned to normal. Which phase of the cell cycle best describes the hepatocytes 1 month after infection? □ (A) G0 □ (B) G1 □ (C) S □ (D) G2 □ (E) M
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 24). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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15 In an experiment, the role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in uptake of lipids in the liver is studied. A mouse model is created in which the LDL receptor gene is not expressed in the liver. For creating such a “knockout” mouse, which of the following cells would be most useful? □ (A) Adult bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells □ (B) Embryonic stem cells in culture □ (C) Hepatic oval cells □ (D) Hematopoietic stem cells □ (E) Regenerating hepatocytes
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 24). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition.
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 24). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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16 In an experiment, glass beads are embolized into the coronary arteries of rats, resulting in myocardial injury. After 7 days, sections of the myocardium are studied using light microscopy. The microscopic appearance of one of these sections is shown in the figure. Which of the following mediators is most likely being expressed to produce this appearance? □ (A) Epidermal growth factor □ (B) Interleukin-2 □ (C) Leukotriene B4 □ (D) Thromboxane A2 □ (E) Vascular endothelial growth factor □ (F) Tumor necrosis factor
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 24). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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17 An experiment is conducted in which the time sequence of events in wound healing is analyzed. Histologic sections are produced from samples of the tissue at the site of a small superficial skin incision in laboratory animals. During the first week, the number of macrophages that are activated to phagocytize tissue debris increases. Which of the following signaling molecules is most likely to play a significant role in producing this finding? □ (A) Acetylcholine □ (B) Cyclic AMP □ (C) Heparan sulfate □ (D) Interferon-γ □ (E) Transforming growth factor β
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 24). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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18 In an experiment, various soluble mediators are added to a cell culture containing epidermal cells to determine which of the mediators might be useful for promoting epidermal cell growth. When epidermal growth factor (EGF) is added, it binds to epidermal cell surface receptors, inducing RAS protein activation, with subsequent transcription factor translocation and DNA transcription activation. This effect in the epidermal cells is most likely to be mediated through which of the following intracellular pathways? □ (A) Calcium ion channel □ (B) Cyclic AMP □ (C) Cyclin-dependent kinase □ (D) JAK/STAT system □ (E) Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 24). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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19 Dermal fibroblasts are harvested from the skin biopsy specimen of an adult man. These fibroblasts are transduced with genes encoding for transcription factors including Sox2 and c-myc. Under appropriate culture conditions these cells are then able to generate endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal cells. Into which of the following kinds of stem cell have these fibroblasts been transformed? □ (A) Embryonic □ (B) Lineage-committed □ (C) Mesenchymal □ (D) Pleuripotent
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 25). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition.
Klatt, Edward C.; Vinay Kumar (2009-07-14). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology E-Book (p. 25). A Saunders Title. Kindle Edition. |
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