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Pathology
Radiologic Pathology
95
Medical
Professional
09/10/2011

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Cards

Term
pathology
Definition
study of disease
Term
CDC
Definition
Centers for Disease Control.Monitor and Report Trends of disease
Term
NCHS
Definition
National Center for Health Statistics. Reports information from CDC
Term
disease
Definition
abnormal disturbance of function or structure of human body.
Term
pathogenesis
Definition
referes to sequence of events producing cellular changes
Term
manifestations
Definition
observable changes of body
Term
symptom
Definition
patient's perception of disease
Term
sign
Definition
objective manifestation
Term
symptom
Definition
group of signs and symptoms
Term
asymptomatic
Definition
do not produce symptoms
Term
etiology
Definition
study of the cause of disease
Term
nosocomial disease
Definition
infections or diseases from healthcare settings. i.e infection after hip replacement.
Term
iatrogenic
Definition
adverse reactions to treatment. i.e liver failure when given lots of drugs
Term
idiopathic
Definition
no idea where disease came from.
Term
acute
Definition
quick and hits hard
Term
chronic
Definition
mainfest more slowly and hangs around
Term
sequelae
Definition
lasting problems after incident. i.e stroke patients have nuerological issues
Term
diagnosis
Definition
disease believed to have
Term
prognosis
Definition
the predicted outcome of disease
Term
epidemiology
Definition
investigation of disease in large groups
Term
prevalance
Definition
how common disease is in certain group
Term
death certificate
Definition
NCHS use these to publish information for trending
Term
morbidity rate
Definition
incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with daily routine
Term
congenital disease
Definition
present at birth
Term
hereditary
Definition
diseased passed on genetically
Term
inflammatory disease
Definition
results from body's reaction to localized injurious agent
Term
cellular necrosis
Definition
common to acute inflammation and leukocytes serve to remove the dead material through phagocytosis
Term
chronic inflammation
Definition
cellular necrosis is NOT common. constantly inflamed.
Term
tissue regeneration
Definition
new tissues replace dead tissues
Term
debridement
Definition
removal of dead tissue and material. essential part of healing.
Term
viurlence
Definition
the ease of how an organism over comes body defense system
Term
degenerative disease
Definition
diseases caused by deterioration of body
Term
metabolism
Definition
sum of all physical and chemical process in the body.
Term
metabolic disease
Definition
disturbance of normal physiological function of body
Term
dehydration
Definition
most common disturbance of fluid balance
Term
bruise/contusion
Definition
capillary rupture and bleeding into tissue spaces
Term
neoplastic disease
Definition
disease reults in new abnormal tissue growth
Term
lesion
Definition
term used to describe many types of cellular change that can occur in response to disease
Term
benign neoplasm
Definition
localized non invasive growth
Term
malignant neoplasm
Definition
continues to grow and invade other tissues i.e cancer
Term
metastasis
Definition
spread of malignant cancer
Term
hematogenous spread
Definition
spread by blood vessels
Term
lymphatic spread
Definition
cancer spread by lymphatic system
Term
invasion
Definition
cancer cells invading surrounding tissues
Term
seeding
Definition
cancer cells traveling to other distant organs
Term
carcinoma
Definition
cancer derived from epithelial tissue
Term
sarcoma
Definition
cancer from connective tissue
Term
leukemia
Definition
cancer from blood cells
Term
lymphoma
Definition
cancer from lymphatic cells
Term
TNM
Definition
T-size of untreated tumor
N-lymph node involvement
M-malignancy
Term
atrophy
Definition
decreased cell size
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increased cell size
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
increase in number of cells in tissue as a result of excessive proliferation
Term
metaplasia
Definition
conversion of one cell type into another cell type that isnt normal for that tissue
Term
dysplasia
Definition
refers to abnormal changes of mature cells
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
80 bones
Term
apendicular skeleton
Definition
126 bones
Term
compact bone
Definition
outer portion of bone
Term
medullary canal
Definition
inner part of bone made of cancellous bone
Term
osteoblast
Definition
bone forming cells
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
bone destroying cells
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition
expanded end portion of bone. secondary site of ossification
Term
metaphysis
Definition
growth zone of bone.
Term
achondroplasia
Definition
most common inherited disease. bone deformity, dwarfism.
Term
ostogenesis imperfecta
Definition
brittle bone disease.
Term
osteopetrosis
Definition
marble bone disease. increased bone density and defective bone contour.
Term
albers-schonberg disease
Definition
common form of oseteosclerotic oseteopetrosis.
Term
craniotubular dysplasia
Definition
austosomal recessive hereditary diseases mainly results in abnormal contour of cranium and long bones
Term
syndactyly
Definition
failure of fingers and toes to seperate
Term
polydactyly
Definition
presence of extra digits
Term
clubfoot
Definition
talipes. inward turned ankle. more common in males than females and may occur bilaterally
Term
developmental dysplasia of the hip
Definition
acetabulum doesnt form completely. tendons and ligaments affected. more common in females.
Term
scoliosis
Definition
abnormal lateral curvature of spine. mostly idiopathic origin.
Term
transitional vertebra
Definition
additional vertebra usually between t+l spines
Term
spina bifida
Definition
incpomplete closure of vertebral canal in lumbosacral area.
Term
craniosynostosis
Definition
early closure of any cranial suture
Term
anencephaly
Definition
cranial vault do not form. mainly facial bones.
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
infection of bone and marrow cuased by a pathogenic microorganism spread by blood stream from infection
Term
tuberculosis
Definition
t.b of bone is a chronic imflammatory disease. affects knee hip and spine. looks worm eaten.
Term
pott's disease
Definition
tb of the spine. identified in ancient egypt.
Term
arthritis
Definition
inflamed joints
Term
psoriatic arthritis
Definition
inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. affects DIP joints of hands and feet and tufts. bone density is usually preserved.
Term
reiter's syndrome
Definition
variant of rheumatoid arthritis. s.i joints, calcaneous, and toes affected. nuke med picks it up.
Term
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
aka still's disease. less fibrosis than adults. common under 16 years old.
Term
ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
(marie-strumpell disease)arthritis of spine and s.i joints.common between 20-40 year MALES.calcification of nucleus pulposa.
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
degenerative joint disease. affects both genders.fx large joints of body i.e knees ankles. primary is caused from normal wear and tear. secondary is trauma caused
Term
osteophytes
Definition
bone spurs
Term
tendonitis
Definition
inflamed tendon
Term
tenosynovitis
Definition
inflammation of tendon and the sheath
Term
bursae
Definition
sacs lined with synovial membranes near tendon crossover bone.
Term
bursitis
Definition
inflamed bursae.caused by acute trauma or chronic trauma. (housemaid's knee)
Term
whiplash
Definition
soft tissue neck injury from variety of causes. vertebra looked stacked on top with no curvature
Term
spondylolisthesis
Definition
anterior slipping of a vertebrae. lateral projection of "the spot" shows this off best.
Term
spondylolysis
Definition
erosion of vertebral bodies. exist when a cleft, break down of superior and inferior articulations. (pars intericularis) looks like broken neck on scotty dog on obliques.
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