Term
| What diseases cause Type I hypersensitivity? Is it immediate or delayed? |
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Definition
| immediate, hay fever, anaphylaxis |
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Term
| What diseases cause Type IV hypersensitivity? Is it immediate or delayed? |
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Definition
Cell-mediated, cytotoxic, delayed
graft rejection, contact dermatitis |
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Term
| Will you get hypersensitivity the first time your exposed to the allergy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypersensitivity reactions can occur in response to what three types of antigens? |
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Definition
1. Infectious agents
2. Environmental substances
3. Self-antigens (autoimmune) |
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Term
| What is Type I Hypersensitivity? What is the trigger? What antibody is involved? What are the innate immune effectors? |
|
Definition
Immediate Hypersensitivity
Dust mite, peanuts, etc
IgE
Mast cells, eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| What is Type II Hypersensitivity? What is the trigger? What antibody is involved? What are the innate immune effectors? |
|
Definition
Cell-Bound Antigen
Immune hemolytic anemias (lyses RBC)
IgG
Complement, phagocytes |
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Term
| What is Type III Hypersensitivity? What is the trigger? What antibody is involved? What are the innate immune effectors? |
|
Definition
Immune Complex
Farmer's lung, lupus
IgG
Complement, neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| What is Type IV Hypersensitivity? What is the trigger? What antibody is involved? What are the innate immune effectors? |
|
Definition
Delayed Hypersensitivity
Contact dermatitis, MS, Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes
T-cells
Macrophages |
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Term
| What is Type I Hypersensitivity mediated through? |
|
Definition
Degranulation of mast cells and eosinophils releasing histamine
Treatment: Oral Antihistamine |
|
|
Term
| What do corticosteroids do? Do they act at beginning or end of pathway? |
|
Definition
Keep plasma cell from synthesizing IgE and inhibit T cells
Beginning |
|
|
Term
| Where does cromolyn act? What is the mechanism of action? |
|
Definition
| On surface of mast cells, no degranulation occurs. Blocks Ca influx into mast cells |
|
|
Term
| What do anti-histamines do? Do they act at beginning or end of pathway? |
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Definition
Counteract the effects of cytokines on targets. Block H1 and H2 recpetors
End |
|
|
Term
| What do monoclonal drugs do? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What do allergy shots induce? |
|
Definition
| IgG formation. IgG binds to allergen so it can't reach IgE on mast cells |
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Term
| What causes symptoms (runny nose, eyes, ect. in Type I hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
| Degranulation of mast cells |
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Term
| In Type I hypersensitivity, the levels of IgE are much higher in allergic individuals. This is due to a higher number of what type of cells? What do these cell produce and what are the effects? |
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Definition
TH2 (helper cells) which produce IL-4 that increases production of IgE and lowers # TH1
TH1 decreases IgE production
Basicalllly increase TH2 and decrease TH1 |
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Term
| What portion of IgE binds to the surface of mast cells and basophils? Allergen crosslinks what portion of the mast-cell bound IgE to trigger histamine release? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Type I Hypersensitivity, what cell play a major role in late phase allergic reactions? |
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Definition
| Basophils-binds histamine releasing factor causing more release of histamine |
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Term
In ___________ anaphylaxis the allergen is usually found in mucous membranes
In __________ anaphylaxis the allergen is picked up by the blood and the reactions occur throughout the body |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In Type I, inflammatory mediators bind to receptors on target cells leading to what? |
|
Definition
| Dilation of blood vessels, constriction of bronchioles, excessive mucous membrane secretion |
|
|
Term
| Do PAF , luekotrienes, bradykinins, and prostaglandins cause early phase or late phase allergic reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of Hypersensitivity is anaphylaxis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of epinephrine? |
|
Definition
| Stimulates cAMP production by bindign to B-adrenergic receptors on mas t cells. It vasconstricts blood vessels, relax smooth muscle in the lung and speed up heart beat |
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Term
| In Type II Hypersensitivity, what antibodies bind RBC antigens? Is complement activated? Is ADCC activated? |
|
Definition
IgG/IgM
yes
yes macrophages or NK cells bind antibody coated RBC and kill them |
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|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is penicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is Graves Disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is chronic viral hepatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is AB and Rh blood group reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is syphilis and leprosy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is Arthus reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is Farmers lung? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the classical example of Type IV reaction? Are Type IV reactions normal or abnormal? |
|
Definition
tuberculin
Not abnormal they defend body against fungi and bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is urticaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is transplant rejection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is myasthenia gravis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is histoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is MS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is histoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is candidiasis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| DHT is the same mechanism as __________. What type of cells become sensitized to antigens? _________________ become sensitized to an antigen and produce cytokines |
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Definition
cell-mediated immunity
CD8+ lymphocytes
Th1 type CD4+ lymphocytes |
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