Term
| What does the word pneumonia mean? |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the distal lung |
|
|
Term
| What are the pulmonary defense systems that break down and lead to a suseptability to pneumonia? (5) |
|
Definition
mucociliary apparatus
nasal filtration
dust cells
immunologic (BALT, IgA)
cough reflex |
|
|
Term
| When you lose the ability to cough or have a depressed level of conciousness what are you at risk for which would increase likelihood of developing pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two types of aspiration fluids are most common in causing pneumonia? |
|
Definition
gastric acid
upper respiratory excretion |
|
|
Term
| How does pulmonary edema contribute to the development of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| it allows for an optimal environment for bacteria to grow in |
|
|
Term
| What are the four general routes of bacterial entry in developing pneumonia? |
|
Definition
airway
hematogenous
contiguous
implanted |
|
|
Term
| What type of pneumonia (classified by anatomy) is one in which effects more than one lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the aspiration in bronchopneumonia usually land histologically, leading to its classic presentation? |
|
Definition
| lands in the respiratory bronchiole |
|
|
Term
| Which type of pneumonia is found at the extremes in life (old and young)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of pneumonia is found in middle aged individuals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of pneumonia becomes coonfluent when the organism passes through the pores of Kohn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of pus in the pleural space |
|
|
Term
| How many stages are there of lobar pneumonia and what are they? |
|
Definition
4
congestion
red hepatization
grey hepatization
resolution |
|
|
Term
| What type of pneumonia presents with four classic stages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage of lobar pneumonia is due to leakage and increased protein, RBC in the alveolar spaces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the timeline for the stages of lobar pneumonia? |
|
Definition
congestion (24-48 hrs)
red hepatization (days)
grey hepatization (1 wk)
resolution (1-2 wks, if he/she survives) |
|
|
Term
| What stage of lobar pneumonia is characteristic of PMN infiltrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the third phase of lobar pneumonia grey in color? |
|
Definition
| b/c the macrophages ger rid of RBC |
|
|
Term
| What occurs during the resolution phase of lobar pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| breakdown of the consolidation |
|
|
Term
| What pneumonia causing bacteria is gram + cocci and grows in clusters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pneumonia causing bacteria is gram + diplococci? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bacteria is the #1 cause of community acquired pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virulent factor makes streptococcus pneumoniae so resistant to phagocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you have a patient with lobar pneumonia, what is the most likely bacteria causing the pneumonia? |
|
Definition
streptococcus pneumoniae
but also know that strept. pneumoniae also still causes bronchopneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Name two common complications of streptococcus pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
emphyema
pleural effusion |
|
|
Term
| Name the four general complications/metastatic infections that streptococcus pneumonia cause? |
|
Definition
MOPS
meningitis
ottis media
pneumonia
sinusitis |
|
|
Term
| What clinical setting is staph peumonia most common in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of patients do gram negative pneumonias effect and generally what is the mortality rate? |
|
Definition
hospitalized/debilitated patients
high mortality |
|
|
Term
| What are the three gram negative pneumonia causing bacterias we discussed? |
|
Definition
Kleibsiella
Pseudomonas
Legionella |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 A's of Klebsiella Pneumonia? |
|
Definition
Aspiration
Alcoholics
diAbetics
Abcess
|
|
|
Term
| What type of sputum is representative of Klebsiella pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| red currant bloody sputum |
|
|
Term
| What types of pneumonias does pseudomonas cause? |
|
Definition
bronchopneumonia due to aspiration
and bactermic |
|
|
Term
| What organism produces necrotic blue/green lesions around vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specific types (4) of patients do you see Psuedomonas Pneumonia in? |
|
Definition
burn patients
Transplant patients
neutropenic
cystic fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| What is true of the timeline of systemic symptoms and respiratory symptoms in legionella pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| the systemic symptoms often come before the respiratory symptoms |
|
|
Term
What type of pneumonia (anatomic classification) does legionella cause?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How you detect legionella pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does leginella pneumonia due within macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the pathologic characteristics of atypical pneumonia that make them atypical? |
|
Definition
they dont form exudate (dry cough) with alveoli
they infiltrate the alveoli septa w/o consolidation
|
|
|
Term
| What type of pneumonia can cause ARDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of atypical pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic finding on an XRAY of an lung abcess if it communicates wiht a bronchus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of patients do you see pneumocystis jiroveci in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of organism is pneumocystis jiroveci? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can you biopsy Pneumocystis jiroveci? |
|
Definition
| no you have to look for it in sputum with microscopy |
|
|
