Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| areas vulnerable to entrapment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Osseus
Fibro-osseus
Muscular
Muscular-osseus |
|
|
Term
| General Categories and causes of peripheral nerve injuries |
|
Definition
-primary myelinopathy
-primary axonopathy |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Diabetes Mellitus
2. Ethanol Abuse
3. Guillan-Barre
4. Trauma
5. HNP
6. Compartment syndromes
7. Hereditary disorders
8. Enzymatic
9. Renal (uremic neuropathy)
10. Amyloid
11. Infections
12. Systemic
13. Toxins |
|
|
Term
diabetes and peripheral nerve injury
-description
-what it affects
-where? |
|
Definition
typically affects nerves, since they have small blood vessels
-generally axonopathy, (may me myelinopathy)
-starts distally (feet are common) |
|
|
Term
Ethanol Abuse and peripheral nerve injury
-how much?
-what/how it affects |
|
Definition
- 3 beers/day x 3 years ------> Neuropathy
- combined axonopathy and myelinopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- myelinopathy
- axonopathy if severe
-Appears to be an autoimmune disorder (antibodies in myelin)
-Follows immunization, surgery, viral URI
-Virus may cause an abnormal immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trauma and peripheral nerve injury |
|
Definition
- Lacerations - knife, wounds, glass, etc.
- GSW - either direct or indirect trauma
-Traction injuries
- Fractures - laceration, compression, traction
- Thermal injuries
-Compression (ischemia more than crush) |
|
|
Term
Herniated nucleus pulposis
and Peripheral nerve injury |
|
Definition
| compresses nerves exiting the spine |
|
|
Term
compartment syndrome
what is it?
where is it common? |
|
Definition
swelling in a compartment is so great it cuts off blood supply
(volar compartment of the arm, anterior compartment of leg) |
|
|
Term
| Enzymatic issues and peripheral nerve injury |
|
Definition
beri-beri
(thiamine deficiency)(rice is thiamine deficient) |
|
|
Term
| Renal issues and peripheral nerve injury |
|
Definition
-uremic neuropathy
-buildup of toxins in blood secondary to decreased renal function |
|
|
Term
| Infections that cause PNI |
|
Definition
Hansen’s disease (leprosy)
Diptheria
AIDS
Lyme disease
herpes zoster |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to excessive production of certain proteins that form insoluble extracellular sheets |
|
|
Term
| Systemic issues leading to PNI |
|
Definition
-Cancer
-Collagen vascular diseases (RA, lupus, raynaud’s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Affinity to radial nerve, peroneal nerve. Other neuropathies typically affect the radial nerve last.
2. Children usually develop encephalopathy (CNS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ischemia
-compression (high amplitude or low amplitude) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical disruption of the continuity of the neural process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- the cut ends of the neural processes constrict and seal to prevent loss of axoplasm
-swelling occurs rapidly
- myelin rapidly degenerates |
|
|
Term
axonotomy
-proximal segment |
|
Definition
Cell body swells (2x its normal size)
-a. Nucleus swells
-b. Chromatolysis
The neural process degenerates
-a. begins proximally to lesion
-b. if lesion is close to cell body, the cell may die and then it is gone for good. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degeneration occurs within 1 week
1. terminal degeneration - begins within 1 day of injury
2. terminal segment swells due to interrupted axon transport
3. after 7 days, the distal neurolemmocytes become phagocytic and destroy the terminus of the neural process.
4. synapse is lost within 2 weeks.
5. Wallerian degeneration: the neural process begins a progressive degeneration from the site of the lesion distally |
|
|
Term
axonotomy
- Retrograde trans-neuronal effects |
|
Definition
1. Other neurons attached to the damaged cell are affected
2. efferent: interneurons and UMN’s are less excitable
3. afferent: the sensor receptor is less excitable |
|
|
Term
axonotomy
-Orthograde transneuronal effects |
|
Definition
| acetylcholine releases more randomly to the sarcolemma, causing fibrillation |
|
|
Term
| Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injuires |
|
Definition
from Seddon (1942-43)
-Neurapraxia
-Axonotmesis
- Neurotmesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a temporary loss of motor and sensory function due to blockage of nerve conduction, usually lasting an average of six to eight weeks before full recovery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| xons and their myelin sheath are damaged, but Schwann cells, the endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium remain intact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The nerve is severed or torn entirely. Poor progress. Sequential recovery. |
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