Term
| respiratory system function |
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Definition
|
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Term
| signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease |
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Definition
-cough(dry, productive)
-dyspnea (SOB)
-orthopnea
-chest pain
-cyanosis
-clubbing (of fingers and toes)
-altered breathing patterns |
|
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Term
Respiratory system
progression of airway from large to small |
|
Definition
trachea
segmental bronchi
nonrespiratory bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts |
|
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Term
| aging and the pulmonary system |
|
Definition
-Chest wall compliance dec
-decreased cilia function
-peak function at 20s |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 30% bacterial, 50% viral, 20% chemicals , fungi, aspiration of fluids vomit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Smokers
-Complication from acute resp. illness
-Diabetes
-Immunosuppressed
-Inactivity |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-auscultation, percussion
-x-rays
-culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Chest radiograph items to look for |
|
Definition
-Assymetry of the trachea (assym, lung pressure)
-Bone structure
-cardio (heart should be about half the distance between the spine and thoracic wall
--diaphragm, flattening of the diaphragm on one side is bad |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary tuberculosis
description
causes |
|
Definition
-infectious, inflammatory systemic disease ,affects the lungs, may spread to involve lymph nodes and other organs
- caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| Primary vs. Secondary Tuberculosis |
|
Definition
--Primary--
Initial exposure
Latent
Non communicable
--Secondary--
Reactivation ( 10%)
Communicable |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary tuberculosis risk factors |
|
Definition
-Poor, crowded living conditions
-Infants
-Prison inmates
-Diabetic
-End-stage renal dz
-Immunocompromised, esp HIV |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary tuberculosis transmission |
|
Definition
-Droplet borne
-Repetitive household contact
-Resilient bacteria – can live for months outside host, for years dormant inside host |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary tuberculosis signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
-Coughing persistent ( 3 wks +)
-----------Blood , mucous
-Chest Pain
-Night sweats
-Fever
-Weight loss
-Malaise |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis |
|
Definition
-bacteria test (PPD, TB skin test or interferon)
- chest radiograph
--Sputum culture
--bronchoscopy
--Can impact bones, brain |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary tuberculosis treatment & precautions |
|
Definition
--Droplet precautions
-Screening
-Gown, glove, mask(HEPA) – all disposed of
-Negative pressure room
-Antibiotics
------Important to treat with antibiotic early ( 90% cure)
------without antibiotics 60% death |
|
|
Term
acute bronchitis
-what is it, broadly |
|
Definition
An inflammation of the trachea and bronchi lasting 1-3 wks
THE TUBE GETS SMALLER |
|
|
Term
| causes of acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
-infection
-chemical irritation |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
Mucus production
Fever
Coughing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cough that produces sputum for 3 consecutive months over 2 consecutive years |
|
|
Term
| Chronic bronchitis can lead to... |
|
Definition
-Spasms of bronchi
-Thickening of bronchi (inflamm.-scarring)
-Mucus secretions
-Leads to obstructed airway
-“Blue Bloater”
-Smokers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-Emphysema
-Chronic Bronchitis
-Asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-environmental irritants, especially smoking |
|
|
Term
| emphysema -what's happening |
|
Definition
| -pathologic accumulation of air in the tissues (more difficulty getting the air out) -permanent enlargement of alveoli due to destruction of alveolar walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pursed lipped breathing
-Bronchodilator
-Quit smoking
-Supplemental O2 if hypoxemic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Physical Exam
-Observation
-Auscultation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-from emphysema
-under weight, less muscle mass overall
-hypertrohpy of neck muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-increased reaction of airway to stimulus
-bronchial spasm - narrows airway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Wheezing
-Coughing
-Dyspnea
-Tightness in chest
-Perspiration
-Cyanosis
-Can be a medical emergency – can lead to death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medications
-Bronchodilators
-Anti-inflamatories
-Staying away from sources of triggers |
|
|
Term
Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis
-appearance? |
|
Definition
emphysema - pink puffer
chronic bronchitis - blue bloater |
|
|
Term
| sleep apnea - broad description |
|
Definition
| Upper airway obstruction that occurs during sleep. leads to sleepiness during the day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- altered chemosensitivity and cerebral respiratory control
- neurologic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pharyngeal collapse during sleep
-Upper body obesity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Weight loss
-Surgery- Uvula, tonsils, adenoids, toungue
-Oral appliances
-CPAP (continuous positive air pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any disease or condition that reduces rib expansion/lung expansion |
|
|
Term
| restrictive lung disease examples |
|
Definition
-Scarring in lungs – Pulmonary fibrosis
-Systemic sclerosis
-Injury to chest wall |
|
|
Term
cystic fibrosis
-cause and common affected population |
|
Definition
-Inherited disorder of ion transport (Na+, Cl-)
-common among whites
- |
|
|
Term
cystic fibrosis
-what's going on? |
|
Definition
| Salt accumulates in the lining of lungs, digestive tissue, pancreatic enzymes, making secretions sticky and thick |
|
|
Term
| cystic fibrosis treatments |
|
Definition
Chest PT
Flutter device
Hyponatremia |
|
|
Term
| systems affected by Cystic fibrosis |
|
Definition
any exocrine
(pancreas, reproductive, digestive...) |
|
|
Term
Hyponatremia
-implications for athletes |
|
Definition
-A condition that occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too low
-CF athletes can excrete 3-5 times the sodium (sweat) can be a serious problem for athletes |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary edema, what is it? |
|
Definition
excessive fluid in the lungs, decreasing space available for gas exchange
-interstitial tissue,
-air spaces (alveoli),
(or both) |
|
|
Term
| causes of pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
- Left C.Heart Failure
- acute hypertension
- mitral valve disease
- noncardiac causes
kidney or liver disorders -sodium and water retention |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary edema signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
-Chest film
-SOB
-Dec activity tol |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary edema management |
|
Definition
-Supplemental o2
-Diuretics
-Sitting upright feet down |
|
|
Term
| conducting airway includes |
|
Definition
| trachea, segmental bronchi, and non-respiratory bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| respiratory unit includes |
|
Definition
| respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smokers
Environmental hazards
Occupational exposure
Genetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coughing
Dyspnea
Pleural Pain
Wheezing |
|
|
Term
lung cancer
-survival rate |
|
Definition
| only 14% of people with lung cancer survive beyond 5 years after diagnosis |
|
|
Term
| lung cancer classifications |
|
Definition
-Small cell lung cancer - 20%
-non small cell lung cancer - 80% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly metastasizes, so treat with chemo and surgery |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary hypertension features |
|
Definition
-HBP in the pulmonary arteries
-Narrowing of the pulmonary arteries
-hypertrophy of the vessel walls
-fibrous lesions |
|
|
Term
Cor Pulmonale
-what is it? |
|
Definition
| -Enlargement of R ventricle due to pulmonary HTN that occurs in lung diseases |
|
|
Term
Cor pulmonale
-risk factors |
|
Definition
Smokers
Pulmonary embolism
Late stage of COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Air or gas in pleural cavity – collapse of lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spontaneous- internal lung rupture from dz
Traumatic
Iatrogenic-puncture from surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor, needle, chest tube, surgery |
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|
