Term
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Definition
bone lining cell or...
osteocyte |
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Term
| to avoid with osteoporotic patients |
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Definition
-deep flexion
-high impact |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the skeleton store? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-stimulates osteoclasts,
-increasing the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood
-decreasing bone density |
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Term
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Definition
-stimulates osteoclasts,
-increasing the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood
-decreasing bone density |
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Term
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Definition
-hormone
-stimulates osteoblasts
-decreases the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood
-increases bone density |
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Term
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Definition
outer dense cortical bone
inner spongy trabecular bone |
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Term
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Definition
-spongy or cancellous
-center meshwork, 15-20% calcified
-20% of adult skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
compact
-constituting roughly 80% of skeletal mass
-80-90% calcified |
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Term
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Definition
a chronic progressive disease
-porous bone
-THE most common metabolic bone disease |
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Term
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Definition
-osteoclasts break down (resorption)
-osteoblasts lay down new cells (formation) |
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Term
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Definition
-regulates heart rate
-muscle contractions
-blood pressure
-clotting, nerve function, enzyme reactions |
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Term
osteoporosis pathogenesis
-describe
-cell activity |
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Definition
when new bone formation falls behind resorption
-Dec osteoblastic activity
-Increased osteoclast activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Low bone mass (on your way to osteoporosis) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased bone density (strength) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
typically comes with age, although can be idiopathic
-↓ Vit D, ↓ Calcium,
- Postmenopausal/estrogen-deficient |
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Term
secondary osteoporosis
-what can bring it on? |
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Definition
-prolonged cortcosteroid therapy,
-alcoholism, malnutrition, malabsorption, lactose intolerance
-GI disorders
-endocrine disorders |
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Term
osteoporosis
men vs. women stats |
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Definition
One in every two women older than age 50 will experience fragility fractures secondary to osteoporosis.
-vs. 1/4 Men |
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Term
| the cause of primary osteoporosis |
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Definition
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Term
contributing factors to osteoporosis
(primary, physiological and lifestyle) |
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Definition
| -Mild but prolonged negative calcium balance -Declining gonadal and adrenal function -Relative or progressive estrogen -deficiency -Sedentary lifestyle |
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Term
| menopause and osteoporosis |
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Definition
| -marked reduction in the circulating concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. These usually block cytokines, which slow down bone resorption. |
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Term
| bone mass peaks at what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| estrogen deficiency - leads to |
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Definition
| -Decreased intestinal calcium absorption -increased bone resorption to compensate for low calcium levels -impaired osteoblastic activity |
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Term
| ethnicity and osteoporosis |
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Definition
-Bone mass correlates positively with skin pigmentation
-Whites least amount of bone mass
-Darker skin have the greatest bone mass |
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Term
| gender and bone structure |
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Definition
| -Men have wider long bones than women -Thin women have less cortical bone |
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Term
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Definition
-increased mechanical strain on bone increases bone mass
-obesity increases naturally available estrogen |
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Term
| cigarette smoking on bone density |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| >2 drinks/day decreases osteoblastic activity, and impairs GI absorption, leading to Calcium being pulled from the bone |
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Term
Systemic corticosteroid therapy
-effects on bone density |
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Definition
Impair calcium absorption
Impede osteoblastic activity
-Loss of 10% to 15% of spinal trabecular bone mass is possible in first 6 months.1-2% annually after that |
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Term
| anorexia and bulimia on bone density |
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Definition
-Decreased intake/absorption of calcium
-Low body weight
-Dec nutrients |
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Term
| celiac disease on bone density |
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Definition
| -impairs absorption of calcium, nutrients, and vitamin D needed for maintaining healthy bones |
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Term
| High cholesterol and bone density |
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Definition
| decreases overall bone production |
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Term
| Osteoporosis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
-thoracic kyphosis
-loss of height
-weak abdominal muslces, protrusion
-forward head
-dowager's hump
-shoulder internal rotation
(CHECK SUPINE POSTURE) |
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Term
osteoporosis
-common fracture sites |
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Definition
-vertebral bodies (most common)
-Hip
-Wrist |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Medical management of osteoporosis |
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Definition
-minimize risks
-provide dietary calcium intake in childhood/adolescence
-regular exercise and calcium throughout lifetime
-Vitamin D (sunshine) |
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Term
| diagnosis of osteoporosis |
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Definition
| bone mineral density testing |
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Term
| who should test for osteoporosis? |
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Definition
-every woman age 65 years
-postmenopausal women who have sustained adulthood fracture, have family history, are thin, or smoke
-MEN over 70 |
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Term
| Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) |
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Definition
A DXA scanner produces two X-ray beams
-One beam is high energy and one low energy
-difference between the two beams allows bone density to be determined |
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Term
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Definition
in assessing/diagnosing osteoporosis in an individual.
– 1.0 S.D. or higher Normal; low risk for fracture
–1.0 to –2.5 Osteopenia (low bone mass)
–2.5 or lower Osteoporosis |
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Term
| pharmacological management of osteoporosis |
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Definition
| -Estrogen replacement therapy ( ERT) -Selective Estrogen Replacement Modulators (SERMs) -Biphosphonates -calcium and Vitamin D |
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Term
| estrogen replacement therapy on osteoporosis |
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Definition
| been shown to decrease risk for osteoporosis |
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Term
Selective Estrogen Replacement Modulators
-E.G.
-effect on osteoporosis |
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Definition
e.g., raloxifen (Evista)-
estrogen agonist activity in bone but with estrogen antagonist activity or no activity in reproductive tissues and breast |
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Term
| Biophosphonates and osteoporosis |
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Definition
| inhibit bone resorption ,reverse bone loss |
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Term
| osteoporosis prognosis post injury |
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Definition
| -24% of women over the age of 50 years die within one year post osteoporotic-associated hip fracture from complications (e.g., pneumonia, infections, and emboli) |
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Term
| Adverse side effects of long-term use of bisphosphonates |
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Definition
| include esophagitis, heartburn, abdominal pain, and diarrhea |
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Term
physical medicine for osteoporosis
-goals |
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Definition
1. Reduction of Pain
2. Correct Postural Dysfunction
3. Decrease Risk of Falls
4. Increase/ Maintenance of Bone Mass |
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Term
| exercises to help with osteoporosis |
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Definition
-seated rows, wall squats, back extensions, and lat pull downs (for wrist, hip, &spine)
-balance
-postural
-functional activities |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone is laid down in areas of stress and reabsorbed in areas of non-stress |
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Term
| exercises for osteoporosis in people with history of vertebral fractures EXCLUSIONS (e.g.) |
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Definition
| spinal flexion, side bending, or spinal rotation should be excluded (e.g., golfing, bowling, biking, rowing, sit-ups) |
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Term
Paget disease
-what's going on |
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Definition
abnormal bone remodeling with increased bone resorption ( osteoclasts) and excessive, unorganized new bone formation caused by activated osteoblasts
-rapid bone resorption = fibrous tissue replaces bone |
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Term
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Definition
-enlarged but weakened bone
-deformity
-fracture
-arthritis
-pain |
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Term
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Definition
| -Rare before 35, most over 50 |
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Term
| paget disease genetic component |
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Definition
| Populations of the British Isles and countries where migration from Britain occurred have a greater incidence |
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Term
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Definition
-AKA- osteitis deformans
-cause unknown |
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Term
| paget disease manifestation |
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Definition
-bone pain and skeletal deformities
-in the skull and spinal column can produce neurologic complication (impingement or ischemia) |
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Term
| medicine for paget disease |
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Definition
| Bisphosphonates- inhibit osteoclasts |
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Term
| paget disease and exercise |
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Definition
-exercise is recommended to compensate for mechanical disadvantages and reduce pain
-Stretching, strengthening, endurance, aerobics, balance, and coordination exercises are important |
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Term
| paget disease, exercises to avoid |
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Definition
-jogging, running, and jumping
-if the spine is affected, forward bending and twisting exercises |
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