identification of several conditions that might have similar clinical presentations

might require referall to a physician for further laboratory or imaging studies for clarification of the diagnosis

medicatl condition in addition to the primary problem

can complicate recover from an injury or illness or require treatment modifications

ex- disease but patient might have diabetes also

-attributes the cause of disease to abnormal cell, tissue, or organ function

-abnormal function can be caused by anatomical or physiological defects, or by factors such as bacteria and viruses

-patients who cannot adapt cognitively or socially to a major injury may be more prone to chronic illness and may not respond to treatment as expected

-outside emotional stress can confuse the clinical presentation of an illness

-Errors in DNA and RNA replication can contribute to pathogenesis, effectiveness of the immune system, and rate of tissue healing

-genetic and congenital disorders are commonly identified in pediatric patients

-reduce rish factor

-ex) nutrition, exercise, monitoring environmental risks, education programs

-Early detection, early intervention, inhibit proliferation

-regular medical checkups, self-examination, early medical treatment

Limit established disease

 -medical treatment, supportive and restorative

process used by athletic trainers to formulate a diagnosis

-info from medical history and physical examination used to determine a differential diagnosis and best course of action

-first aid

-emergency transport

-treatment and rehab

-reassessment

-modification of activity

-referall to other health care specialists

Medical History Purposes

-determine potential pathogenesis

-identify co-existing conditions

-determine the stage of the injury or illness

-identify contraindications to treatment

-thorough and complete

-established rapport with patient

-guides the physical examination

-chief complain

-description and course of present illness

-personal medical history

-family medical history

-review of systems

-imaging studies and laboratory tests, and when should be documented

-medications for current and coexisting condtions should be documented

-many medications have side effects or require treatment precautions

-constant

-no change with movement or posture

-no change or worse with rest

-worse at night

-worse with organ function

intermittent

-consistant change with movement or posture

-reliefe w rest and at night

-unaffected by organ function

Mechanical- musculoskeletal injuries

Chemical-biochemical substances released with tissue inury can produce pain and inflammation- constant, medications treat

Perceptual- pain percieved by culture, social,  experiences

-Cutaneous- skin

-Deep somativ- originates in bones, nerves, muscles, tendons, ligaments, arteries, or joints- can cause sweating, pallor, nausea, syncope

-Visceral- internal organs, cardiovascular, hematological, pulmonary digestive, urogentital, endocrine, reproductive

-constant pain

-heart palpitations

-fainting

-night pain or night sweats

-visual problems

-unexplained weight loss

-severe shortness of breath

-recurrent nausea or vomiting

-difficult/painful urination

-blood in uring/stool

-excessive fatigue