Term
| What is arthrogryposis characterized by? |
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Definition
-multiple joint contracturs, can include muscle weakness and fibrosis
-non-progressive
-In the most common type of arthrogryposis, hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, feet and knees are affected. |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of arthrogryposis |
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Definition
| -Some of the more common signs and symptoms are associated with the shoulder (internal rotation), elbow (extension and pronation), wrist (volar and ulnar), hand (fingers in fixed flexion and thumb-in-palm), hip (flexed, abducted and externally rotated, often dislocated), knee (flexion) and foot (clubfoot) |
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Term
| what is Legg-calve-perthes? |
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Definition
-degenerative disease of the hip joint, where growth/loss of bone mass leads to some degree of collapse of the hip joint and to deformity of the ball of the femur and the surface of the hip socket
-usually occurs in males, age 3-10 |
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Term
| What is Legg-calve-perthes characterized by? |
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Definition
| -idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis of the femoral head leading to an interruption of the blood supply of the head of the femur close to the hip joint. |
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Term
| signs and syptoms of Legg-calve-perthes |
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Definition
-hip, knee, or groin pain, exacerbated by hip/leg movement
-reduced range of motion at the hip joint and a painful or antalgic gait
-There may be atrophy of thigh muscles from disuse and an inequality of leg length |
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Term
| what is Scheuermann's disease characterized by? |
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Definition
-describes a condition where the vertebrae grow unevenly; that is, the anterior angle is often greater than the posterior.
-results in the signature "wedging" shape of the vertebrae, resulting in kyphosis. |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of Scheuermann's |
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Definition
-many agree there is a genetic component
-often taller than others of similar age
-resulting lordosis in the lumbar spine
which is greater than normal
-often have tight hamstrings
-20-30% also have scolisosis
-presents generally in teenagers |
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Term
| What is Blount's disease characterized by? |
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Definition
-growth disorder of the tibia (shin bone) that causes the lower leg to angle inward, resembling a bowleg.
-It is also known as "tibia vara" |
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Term
| What is the cause of Blount's? |
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Definition
-cause is unknown but is thought to be due to the effects of weight on the growth plate
-inner part of the tibia, just below the knee, fails to develop normally, causing angulation of the bone
-progressive and the condition worsens |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of Blount's |
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Definition
-occurs in young children and adolescents
-associated with obesity, short stature, and early walking
-does not appear to have genetic factor |
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Term
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Definition
Bowing of one or both legs that may:
-Be rapidly progressive
-Appear asymmetric
-Primarily occur just below the knee |
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Term
| what is Charcot Marie tooth disease characterized by? |
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Definition
| -inherited disorder of nerves (neuropathy) that takes different forms. It is characterized by loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation, predominantly in the feet and legs but also in the hands and arms in the advanced stages of disease |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of charcot marie tooth disease |
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Definition
-Symptoms usually begin in late childhood or early adulthood
-the initial symptom is foot drop
-can also cause claw toe
Wasting of muscle tissue of the lower parts of the legs may give rise to "stork leg" or "inverted bottle" appearance |
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Term
| What is Spina Bifida characterized by? |
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Definition
-caused by the incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube
-The most common location of the malformations is the lumbar and sacral areas
-Myelomeningocele is the most significant form and it is this that leads to disability in most affected individuals |
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Term
| What is cerebral Palsey characterized by? |
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Definition
| -Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain and can occur during pregnancy, during childbirth or after birth up to about age three |
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Term
| what are the classifications of CP? |
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Definition
*divided into four major classifications to describe different movement impairments
-spastic
-ataxic
-Athetoid/dyskinetic
-hypotonic |
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Term
| What is rickets characterized by? |
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Definition
| -a softening of bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity |
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Term
| What is rickets caused by? |
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Definition
-predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency
-lack of adequate calcium
-majority of cases occur in children suffering from severe malnutrition |
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Term
| What is Ankylosing spondylitis characterized by? |
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Definition
-a chronic, inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune disease
-affects joints in the spine and the sacroilium in the pelvis, and can cause eventual fusion of the spine
-Complete fusion results in a complete rigidity of the spine, a condition known as bamboo spine |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of ankylosisng spondylitis |
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Definition
-typical patient is a young male, 20–40
-more common in men, more painful in men
-first appears as pain and stiffness in lower spine
-a systemic rheumatic disease
-Pain is often severe at rest, but improves with physical activity |
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Term
| What is rheumatoid arthritis characterized by? |
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Definition
-a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder
-principally attacks synovial joints
-disease process often leads to the destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joints
-cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown
-considered a systemic autoimmune disease |
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Term
| How to tell the difference between OA and RA |
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Definition
-Gentle movements may relieve symptoms in early stages of RA
- In arthritis of non-inflammatory causes movements induce pain caused by mechanical arthritis. |
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Term
| What is osteoarthritis characterized by? |
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Definition
-a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone
-processes lead to the loss of cartilage
-bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, bone may be exposed and damaged. As a result of decreased movement secondary to pain, regional muscles may atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax |
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Term
| what is aphasia characterized by? |
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Definition
-acquired language disorder in which there is an impairment of any language modality
-Depending on the area and extent of brain damage, someone suffering from aphasia may be able to speak but not write, or vice versa, or display any of a wide variety of other deficiencies in language comprehension and production, such as being able to sing but not speak |
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Term
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Definition
-Individuals with Broca's aphasia often have right-sided weakness or paralysis of the arm and leg, because the frontal lobe is also important for body movement
-called expressive aphasias are difficulties in articulating, but in most cases there is relatively good auditory verbal comprehension |
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Term
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Definition
-no body weakness, because their brain injury is not near the parts of the brain that control movement
-impairments related mostly to the input or reception of language, with difficulties either in auditory verbal comprehension or in the repetition of words, phrases, or sentences spoken by others. Speech is easy and fluent, but there are difficulties related to the output of language |
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Term
| what is apraxia charaterized by? |
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Definition
| -disorder caused by damage to specific areas of the cerebrum, characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements |
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Term
| what is the UE functionality of a C6 spinal lesion? |
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Definition
-No finger movement, no elbow extension, no wrist flexion. Good wrist extension, good elbow flexion.
-passive key grip may be present by flexing the wrist backwards, but will be weak. |
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Term
| what is the UE functionality of a C5 spinal lesion? |
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Definition
-No finger or wrist movement, No elbow extension, good elbow flexion
-Good shoulder movement |
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Term
| what is the UE functionality of a C7 -C8 spinal lesion? |
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Definition
-Partial finger movement,full elbow extension and flexion, full wrist extension and flexion
-A C7 injured person will have movement in the thumb
-Good shoulder movement |
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Term
| what is the UE functionality of a T1 spinal lesion? |
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Definition
| -Full use of arms, wrists and fingers |
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