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characteristics or behaviors that increase the chance of developing the disease
(smoking, alcohol, hypertension etc) |
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| the study of the origin of the disease |
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Pathogenesis
-Example of Structural abnormalities |
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Definition
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Pathogenesis
- Example of Functional abnormalities |
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Definition
| cells look normal but do not produce secretions or homeone |
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Pathogenesis
- Cell Stimulation |
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Definition
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Pathogenesis
-Cell depression |
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Definition
not enough cells or they stop working
ex. Type I diabetes- beta cells in pancreas stop producing insulin
- decrease in number, metabolism, mechanical function, etc. |
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Definition
-indications of disease
-Way we know disease is present
-Results of test and studies
(Visible) |
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Body's attempt to:
-make up for less or alteration
- fight back
- make up for the change |
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| Example of Compensatory Mechanism |
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Definition
Pneumonia
increase respiratory rate
increase heart rate to get oxygen to tissues |
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Definition
-a consequence of a disease process
-condition resulting after a disease
-manifesations
-coughing
-fatigue |
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Definition
Secondary, often preventable problems known to occur with a disease in some, but now all
-COULD HAVE BEEN PREVENTED |
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Definition
OBJECTIVE evidence of disease!
-physical exam
-Oberservations
-lab data
-Diagnostic testing |
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Definition
SUBJECTIVE data from client
-thoughts, feelings, memories
-fatigue, chest pain, short of breadth, sore throat |
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Definition
whole body is affected
- fever, fatigue |
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Definition
limited to one place or part of the body
-sore throat, fractures, cancers, skin infections |
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Definition
complex of signs and symptoms that occur together
-irritable bowel syndrome
-toxic shock syndrome
-chronic fatigue sydnrome |
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Definition
-# of people in the population who have a disease at a given time
# of cases/ # in population |
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# of new cases presented in year/ # in population
-much lower than prevalence |
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Definition
- relatively, sudden onset
-short term
-only sometimes serious or life threatening |
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| Examples of Acute Diseases |
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Definition
-Respiratory illness (sinus, cold, upper respiratory)
-Injuries
-Infections other than respiratory (GI, Skin infections) |
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Definition
-Long Term
-Do not resolve spontaneously
-more gradual onset
-more severe symptoms and signs**
-frequent cause of death
-increasing incidence with increasing age
70% people die |
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| Most Common Examples of Chronic Disease |
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Definition
-Arthritis (joints)
-Hearing impairment
-Hypertension
-Heart disease
-Chronic lung disease
-Cancer |
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| # of people dying in a year/ # people in population |
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Definition
consequences of living with a disease-
amount of work missed, disability |
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Definition
-heart disease
-cancer
-stroke |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| increase in cell NUMBER # |
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Definition
substitution of one kind of cell for another
response to chronic irritation or inflammation |
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Definition
deranged cell growth
cells with varying size, shape and appearance |
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Definition
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Definition
-cell death in organ or tissue (irreversible)
-cellular changes:
-nucleus shrinks
-cell membrane ruptures
-cell products, including enzymes spill into intracellular space--> causes neighboring cells to die |
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Definition
-lack of oxygen to tissue
-causes necrosis |
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Definition
| Clot- dry, solid, won't spread |
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Liquid
- spreads more easily
-more severe
-moist, yellow-->infection (bacteria), White blood cells |
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"Cheese-Like"
common with TUBERCULOSIS
-less common |
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| considerable mass of necrotic tissue |
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Apoptosis- programmed cell death
Necrosis- cells contents spill out |
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Liquification
-life threatening
-spread through blood stream and can cause death |
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Definition
| -less common -anerobic type of clostridium- H2S bubbles and gas rapid spreading |
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Term
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Definition
reaction of tissue, to local injury
- normal protective response
-essential for wound healing
-helps control local infection |
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Term
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Definition
-Reaction of tissue to local injury
-Vascular response: vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability
-Cellular response: leukocytes (WBC) drawn to area of injury |
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Definition
Warmth- increase blood in area
Swelling- increase amount of cells in area
Redness- increase blood
Pain
Loss of function |
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| Inflammatory Mediators: Histamine |
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Definition
vasodilatation and capillary permeability
- response to allergies |
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| Inflammatory mediators: Prostaglandins |
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Definition
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| Inflammatory Mediators: Interleukins |
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Definition
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| Cellular Response: Migration |
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Definition
(marching)
WBCs line up against the wall of the vessels
-heat pours out of capillaries |
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| Cellular Response: Emigration |
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Definition
| WBCs move through wall of vessels to site of injury |
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| Cellular Response: Chemotaxis |
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Definition
| the signaling of chemicals to draw WBCs to area of injury |
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| Cellular Response: phagocytosis |
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Definition
| WBC engulf bacteria; chewing and reprocessing |
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| Healing and Tissue Repair: purpose |
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Definition
| to fill tissue gap and restore structured continuity |
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| Healing and Tissue Repair: Regeneration |
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Definition
| cell capable of dividing and making new cells (GI Tract) |
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| Healing and Tissue Repair: Fibrous Scar Tissue |
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Definition
Fibrous Scar Tissue substitution (heart)
Skeletal, CNS (spinal cord and brain), and other tissues cannot reproduce cells |
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Definition
constant movement of molecules across a cell membrane to maintain homeostasis
refers to the movement of particules along a concentration gradient
movement from high to low concentration |
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Definition
WATER
- water pulled to area of higher particle concentration (low to high)
-osmotically active particles (Na+, Cl-, urea, glucose)- osmotic pull is stronger than gravity |
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Definition
| -pushing forces exerted by a fluid (water out of a hose; BP) |
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Definition
| (oncotic pressure)- pulling force exerted by large molecules in the capillaries (suspension of proteins (albumin) pulls fluid back into capillaries |
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| Capillary Fluid Exchange: Arteriole Side |
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Definition
| Fluid is pushed out because Hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure |
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| Capillary Fluid Exchange: Venous End |
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Definition
| Hydrostatic pressure is less than osmotic pressure, so fluid is being pulled into the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
The lymphatic system picks up any extra fluid and plasma proteins from the interstitial spaces and returns to the blood circulation
Plasma proteins usually stay in capillaries but if they get out lymph system will pick up |
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