Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pathogenesis of Infection
Test Four
61
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
03/12/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What does path stand for?
Definition
disease
Term
What is pathogenicity?
Definition
the presence of disease
Term
What is pathogenesis?
Definition
how the disease process unfolds
Term
colonization
Definition
when the organism comes into the body, attaches to you, starts growing, but you don't know about it yet.
Term
What are the reasons that infection does not always occur? 7
Definition
wrong anatomical site, lack of appropriate receptors, presence of antibacterial factors, presence of indigenous microflors, good health of host, host humoral immunity, host cellular immunity
Term
Four phases of inectious disease: incubation period
Definition
infecting you, the thing is growing but you have no symptoms. a lot of times, they're infectious
Term
Four phases of inectious disease: prodromal period
Definition
"I feel funny but I don't know why" -- the symptoms are not specific enough to figure out what is going on.
Term
Four phases of inectious disease: acute phase (period of illness)
Definition
typical signs and symptoms are coming up
Term
Four phases of inectious disease: convalescent phase
Definition
recovery period
Term
Classification of infections: localized infections
Definition
little infection in one area. Immune system is working
Term
Classification of infections: systemic
Definition
spreads throughout entire system
Term
Classification of infections: acute
Definition
signs and symptoms come up quickly and disappear quickly
Term
Classification of infections: chronic
Definition
symptoms come slowly and take a long time to disappear
Term
Classification of infections: subacute
Definition
in between acute and chronic.
Term
What is a sign of a disease
Definition
can be measured by a doctor (blood in stool, etc)
Term
What is a symptom of a disease
Definition
can only be detected by the patient (lower back pain, fatigue, etc)
Term
Classification of infection: latent
Definition
sitting there, you have it
Term
Classification of infection: primary
Definition
perfectly healthy, then you get influenza (primary)
Term
Classification of infection: secondary
Definition
influenza puts them in a position to get a secondary infection, and they die from that.
Term
Classification of infection: virulence
Definition
measurement of how pathogenic a particular bug is.
Term
Classification of infection: avirulence
Definition
bug is not there at all
Term
What are the steps in pathogenesis of infectious diseases
Definition
entry, attachment, multiplication, invasion/spread, evasion of host defenses, damage to host tissue
Term
What steps are considered "colonization" in pathogenesis of infectious diseases?
Definition
extry, attachment, multiplication
Term
Why are virulence factors beneficial?
Definition
they make the bug competitive in their native environment
Term
What factors affect virulence?
Definition
receptors, adhesins (), ligans, fimbrae (helps bug attach), capsules, flagella
Term
Define exoenzymes
Definition
enzymes outside the cell: there are major pathogenic mechanism
Term
What are necrotizing enzymes?
Definition
enzymes that kills tissue quickly
Term
What are examples of necrotizing enzymes?
Definition
steptoccus pyogenes and clostridium spp
Term
What is coagulase?
Definition
it is not an enzyme, it is a protein A, aids in clot formation
Term
Exoenzymes: Kinases (3)
Definition
dissolve clots, streptokinase and staphylokinase
Term
Exoenzymes: hyauronidase
Definition
it liquifies tissues. it is the "spreading factor"
Term
What do hyaluronidases destroy?
Definition
hyaluronic acid
Term
what are three examples of hyaluronidases?
Definition
staph, strep, clostridia
Term
Exoenzymes: collagenase
Definition
breaks down collagen (which acts like a glue)
Term
What is clostridium perfringens an example of?
Definition
collagenases
Term
Exoenzymes: hemolysins, defined
Definition
they want to get iron (iron acquisition will shut down RBC through hemolysis)
Term
What two things do hemolysins do?
Definition
damage erythrocytes and provide a source of iron
Term
What does lecithinase do?
Definition
liquifies cell membranes
Term
What two things does lecithinase do?
Definition
breaks down phospholipids and disrupts cell membranes
Term
Where is the gram negative bacteria found?
Definition
on the outer membrane
Term
What are the 5 endotoxins?
Definition
gram-negative bacteria, Lipid-A, pyrogen, shock, and septic shock
Term
What is septic shock?
Definition
low grade fever, feeling clammy, mental disorientation
Term
What are secreted from the cell to do their work systemically?
Definition
exotoxins
Term
What are two examples of neurotozins?
Definition
clostridium tetani and C. botulinum
Term
Where are enterotoxins found?
Definition
in the gastrointestinal area (diarrhea and vomiting)
Term
What is the exfoliative toxin?
Definition
sloughing off epidermal layers
Term
What kill leukocytes
Definition
leukocidins
Term
What does the diphtheria toxin do?
Definition
it is non pathogenic unless it gets a toxin gene delivered from the transduction process of a bacteriophage, it becomes incorporated into the genome and is expressed
Term
What are the four major exotoxins?
Definition
leukocidins, diptheria toxin, shiga toxin, shiga-like toxins
Term
Where would you find a shiga-like toxin?
Definition
a rare hamburger
Term
TF some bugs can circumvent phagocytosis
Definition
T
Term
TF no bugs can survive and multiply within phagocytes
Definition
False
Term
What are the 5 intracellular survival mechanisms?
Definition
phagocytes
some pathogens can multiply within phagocytes
resistant cell wall composition
prevent fusion of lysosome with phagosome
destroy phagosome membrane
Term
How do bugs use fusion to help survive intracellularly?
Definition
they prevent fusion of the lysosome with phagosome
Term
How do bugs survive intracellularly in the context of phagosome membranes?
Definition
they destroy them
Term
What are the 4 ways pathogens escape immune response?
Definition
antigenic variation, camouflage, molecular mimicry, destruction of antibodies
Term
antigenic variation: trypanosomes
Definition
they are protozoa that cause E/W African sleep sickness. Immune system can't see the bug because the antigens change the presenting antigens all the time
Term
Escaping immune response: camouflage, and an example
Definition
they make antigens that look like the patients own molecules (schistosomes)
Term
molecular mimicry example
Definition
hyaluronic acid capsule of strep
Term
What do bugs have to do to be able to do destroy antibodies?
Definition
work through our membranes
Term
What are IgA proteases
Definition
IgA is used to prevent bugs, but bugs that have the protease helps them to penetrate the membrane
Supporting users have an ad free experience!