Term
| Renal Colic that radiates to the lateral flank or lower abdomen |
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Definition
| Indicates obstruction of the midureter |
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Term
| Renal Colic assoc. w/ bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (urgency, frequency, urge incontinence |
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Definition
| Kidney stone obstruction of the lower ureter or ureterovesical junction |
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Term
Renal Colic which can be severe or incapacitating
May have nausea, vomiting, hematuria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. frequent daytime voiding (more than every 2 hrs while awake
2. Nocturia (more than once at night if younger than 65, more than twice a night for under 65
3. Poor force of stream
4. Intermittent urine stream
5. Bothersome urinary urgency w/ hesitancy
6. Feelings of incomplete bladder emptying after micturation |
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Term
| Long-term effects of partial obstruction of bladder outlet or urethra |
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Definition
1. Increase in the forc eof detrusor contraction.
2. Adverse affect on afferent nervers of bladder-->urinary urgency, overactive detrusor contractions
3. Increased collagen in bladder
4. Low Bladder Wall Compliance |
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Term
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Definition
Asymptomatic until advanced stages:
Then may see:
1. Hematuria
2. Flank Pain
3. Palpable Flank Mass
4. Weight Loss |
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Term
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Definition
***Gross Painless Hematuria****
Hematuria reoccurs
Bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms-particular intense if carcinoma in situ |
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Term
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Definition
Many asymptomatic
1. Frequency
2. Urgency
3. DYSURIA
4. SUPRAPUBIC & LOW BACK PAIN
More serious symptoms:
1. Hematuria 2. CLOUDY URINE 3. Flank Pain |
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Term
| Evaluation/Diagnosis of Acute Cystitis |
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Definition
| Urine culture showing 10,000+/mL bacteria |
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Term
| S/S & How to Evaluate for Acute Pyelonephritis |
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Definition
S & S: Acute onset-fever, chills, flank or groin pain.
S/S that precede systemic: like a UTI (frequency, dysuria) & costovertebral tenderness.
Children & Older Adults: nonspecific fever and malaise.
Evaluation: alkaline urine
How to differentiate: White blood cell casts. |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Chronic Pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| Risk Factors: Renal Infections assoc. w/ some type of obstructive pathologic condition: RENAL STONES, VESICOURETERAL REFLUX |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Acute Pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| Risk Factors: URINE REFLUX, URINARY OBSTRUCTION |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Renal Tumors |
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Definition
| R.F.: Tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, incidence of RCC |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Bladder Tumors |
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Definition
| R.F.: Men older than 60, smokers, exposed to metabolites of aniline dyes or other aromatic amines |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Premature Newborns 2. Prepubertal Children 3. Sexually active and pregnant women 4. Women who take antibiotics that disrupt natural vaginal flora 5. spermicide users 6. Persons w/ d.m. , neurogenic bladder, urinary tract obstruction |
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Term
| Patho of Acute Pyelonephritis (infection of renal pelvis, interstitium |
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Definition
Causes infiltration of wbc, w/ renal inflammation, renal edema, and purulent urine.
-Primarily affects TUBULES
-RARELY causes renal failure |
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Term
| Patho of Chronic Pyelonephritis |
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Definition
Progressive inflammation and scarring of the renal pelvis and calyces-fibrosis.
Leads to renal failure. |
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Term
| Evidence of Reduced GFR due to Glomerular Disease |
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Definition
Elevated plasma urea, cystatin C, creatinine concentration or reduced creatinine clearance.
Fluid & electrolyte imbalancwes
Acute Hypertension-->Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Circulatory Failure
Pulmonary Edema |
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Term
| S/S of Acute Glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
10-21 days after an infection
1. Hematuria 2. RED BLOOD CELL CASTS 3. Proteinuria 4. Decreased GFR 5. Oliguria 6. Hypertension 7. EDEMA AROUND EYES, FEET,ANKLES 8.Ascites or Pleural Effection (occasional) |
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Term
| S/S of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
Period of days-weeks
Renal insufficiency apparent by diagnosis
Extensive proliferation of cells into Bowman space w/ crescent formation
Hematuria common, may also be accompanied by proteinuria, edema, or hypertension |
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Term
| S/S of Chronic Glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
1. Hematuria with red blood cell casts-produces a SMOKY, BROWN-TINGED URINE.
2. Proteinuria-exceeding 3-5 g w/ albumin as the major protein.
Secondary causes: D.M. & lupus erythematosus, may have hypercholesterolemia
3. Fibrin deposition in Bowman space
4. Reduced Renal Blood Flow
5. Reduced GFR-->fluid retention-->EDEMA & HYPERTENSION
6. After 10-20 yrs: renal insufficiency...
Lab Findings: |
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Term
| S/S of Nephrotic Syndrome |
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Definition
1. Proteinuria-->edema, increased susceptibility to infection (loss of Ig)
2. Hypoalbuminemia-->edema
3. Hyperlipidemia-->increased atherogenesis
4. Lipiduria-->fat droplets
5. Hypercoagulability
6. Vitamin D deficiency |
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Term
| Lab Eval. of Nephrotic Syndrome |
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Definition
3.5 g> protein in urine
Serum albumin<3 g/dl
Increased cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides
Fat bodies in urine |
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Term
| Clinical Progression of Acute Renal Failure |
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Definition
1. Oliguria
2. Diuresis (sign of improvement)-early-tubules still damaged, but recovering
3. Recovery phase (know by measuring plasma creatinine-takes 3-12 mo. |
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Term
| Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure |
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Definition
1. Uremia-accum. of nitrogenous wastes-accumulation of toxins in plasma
-Hypertension
-Anorexia/Wt. Loss
-Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
-Pruritus
-Edema
-Anemia
-Neurologic (peripheral neuropathy,
encephalopathy)
-Skeletal changes (spontaneous
fractures)
2.Increase in plasma creatinine & urea serum levels. |
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Term
| Factors Representing Progression of Chronic Renal Failure |
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Definition
1. Proteinuria
2. Urea and creatinine increased clearance
3. Loss of sodium and water-ability to control dilution of urine decreases.
4.Hypocalcemia-->hyperparathyroidism, GFR falls-->hyperphosphatemia,dissolution of bone
5. Decreased hematocrit
6. Elevated serum K+
7. Metabolic Acidosis (when GFR reaches 30-40%
8. Dyslipedemia |
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