Term
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Definition
What are the Two Main Types of Peptic Ulcers? |
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Term
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Definition
What is the most common type of peptic ulcer? |
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Term
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Definition
What is the most common age range for duodenal peptic ulcers? What about gastric ulcers? |
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Term
Pain (100%) Intermittent (“heartburn” type) Chronic, boring pain with deep ulcers |
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Definition
What do 100% of peptic ulcer patients experience? |
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Term
Helicobacter pylori Its a gram negative bacillus FAILURE TO ERADICATE H. PYLORI RESULTS IN VERY HIGH PEPTIC ULCER RECURRENCE RATE
Also ulcers can be caused by excess acid production or low mucosal production |
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Definition
What is the main cause of peptic ulcers? |
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Term
H-2 Receptor antagonists Proton pump inhibitors |
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Definition
How do you reduce acid production in the stomach? |
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Term
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Definition
A disorder associated with frequent passage of gastric acid into to esophagus
Represents failure of the lower esophageal sphincter |
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Term
ESOPHAGEAL PAIN (HEARTBURN) |
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Definition
WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF GERD? |
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Term
ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA |
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Definition
WHAT IS THE MAIN GERD ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY? |
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Term
Chronic helicobacter pylori infection Smoking Diet high in nitrates, low in vitamin C |
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Definition
What are the risk factors of gastric cancer? |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT ARE THE EARLY STAGE SYMPTOMS OF GASTRIC CANCER? |
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Term
Upper abdominal discomfort/pain Anorexia, weight loss, nausea Anemia due to iron deficiency |
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Definition
What are the later symptoms of gastric cancer? |
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Term
Endoscopy -(EGD - esophagogastroduodenoscopy) |
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Definition
How do you diagnose gastric cancer? |
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Term
Surgical excision: gastrectomy Only possible for about 30% of patients
Chemotherapy |
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Definition
How do you treat gastric cancer? |
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Term
Squamous cell (most common) Adenocarcinoma |
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Definition
What are the two tissue types of esophageal cancer? |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER? |
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Term
Cigarette smoking (especially for squamous cell)
Obesity
GERD (adenocarcinoma) Barrett’s esophagus |
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Definition
What are the risk factors for esophageal cancer? |
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Term
ENDOSCOPY (EGD) AND BIOPSY |
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Definition
WHAT IS THE MAIN METHOD OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS? |
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Term
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Definition
Acute inflammation of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON HEPATITIS VIRUSES? |
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Term
USUALLY MILD, DOES NOT LEAD TO CHRONIC INFECTION OR CHRONIC LIVER DAMAGE |
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Definition
WHAT IS THE SEVERITY OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS? |
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Term
USUALLY THE SAME AS A, BUT CAN LEAD TO CHRONIC INFECTION |
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Definition
WHAT IS THE SEVERITY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS? |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT IS THE CIRRHOSIS RISK WITH CHRONIC INFECTION OF LIVER? |
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Term
ACUTE INFECTION CAN BE SIMILAR TO HEP A, BUT CHRONIC INFECTION IS A COMMON COMPLICATION |
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Definition
WHAT IS THE SEVERITY OF HEPATITIS C? |
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Term
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Definition
CAN HEPATITIS C BE CURED? |
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Term
Cirrhosis (Chronic Hepatic Failure) |
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Definition
Irreversible inflammatory disease that disrupts liver function and even structure |
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Term
Alcoholic Biliary Infectious |
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Definition
What are the three liver failure types? |
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Term
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Definition
an alkaline, bitter-tasting, yellowish green fluid that contains bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, electrolytes, and water |
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Term
Chronic right upper quadrant pain/discomfort Jaundice (elevated bilirubin levels) Edema (ascites, pleural effusions) |
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Definition
What are the symptoms of cirrhosis? |
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Term
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Definition
Another word for Gallstones? |
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Term
“Female, forty, fat & fertile” |
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Definition
What are the risk factors for gallstones? |
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Term
Usually asymptomatic
10 – 25% develop episodic biliary pain: RUQ pain, often beginning at night Often associated with consumption of a high-fat meal Lasts 30 minutes to many hours |
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Definition
What are the symptoms of gallstones? |
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Term
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Definition
Biliary pain associated with:
Nausea & vomiting
Fever
Leukocytosis
Jaundice (in about 25%) |
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Term
Ductal occlusion Usually by a gallstone
Results in ischemia
Then perforation or rupture
Followed by: Abscess, peritonitis, death |
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Definition
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Term
Leukocytosis, elevated bilirubin, elevated liver enzymes |
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Definition
What would a laboratory find with cholecystitis? |
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Term
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Definition
Acute or chronic inflammation of exocrine pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF PANCREATITIS? |
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Term
Elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes Lipase & amylase (at least 3X upper limits of normal)
Fever, leukocytosis
CT imaging Enlarged pancreas |
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Definition
How do you diagnose pancreatitis? |
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Term
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Definition
Recurrent acute episodes of pancreatitis or chronic pain from ongoing low-level inflammation |
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Term
Smoking
Chronic pancreatitis
Obesity
Long term diabetes |
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Definition
What are the risk factors of pancreatic cancer? |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT ARE THE EARLY SYMPTOMS OF PANCREATIC CANCER? |
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Term
Mid-abdominal pain “Gnawing”, “visceral” May radiate to the back
Weight loss next most common
Jaundice Due to biliary tract occlusion |
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Definition
What are the later symptoms of pancreatic cancer? |
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Term
Very poor, worst kind of cancer to get |
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Definition
What is the prognosis of pancreatic cancer? |
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Term
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Definition
Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON ABDOMINAL SURGICAL EMERGENCY? |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT IS THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF APPENDICITIS? |
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Term
Dietary factors Increase risk with high fat & meat, low fiber
HPV for rectal cancer
Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis |
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Definition
What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer? |
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Term
Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
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Definition
Chronic & idiopathic inflammation of the intestinal tract |
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Term
Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease |
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Definition
What are the two clinical forms of inflammatory bowel disease? |
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Term
DIARRHEA, CRAMPING PAIN, RECTAL BLEEDING, PASSAGE OF MUCUS |
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Definition
SYMPTOMS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS |
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Term
RECURRENT EPISODES OF RLQ ABDOMINAL PAIN |
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Definition
SYMPTOMS OF CROHN'S DISEASE? |
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