Term
what effect does each hormone have on the vasculature?
corticosteroids
angiotensin II
histamine
serotonin
brdaykinin
prostaglandins |
|
Definition
Nor/epinephrine: constrict
Angiotensin II: constrict
histamine: dilator
Serotonin: constrict
bradykinin: dilator
Prostaglandins: dilator |
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Term
| blood vessel structure and function |
|
Definition
in order from larger/more muscular to smaller/less:
arteries/veins: away from heart/toward heart
arterioles/venules
capillaries: fluid exchange w/ interstitium (nutrient flow)
shunts: non-nutrient flow (bypass capillaries to deliver more blood to priority areas; i.e. skin shunts for temperature conservation) |
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|
Term
| location of ANS cardiac control center |
|
Definition
| three distinct pools in the medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st two pools in MO--> SNS--> corticosteroids--> increased HR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| final pool in MO--> PNS--> acetylcholine--> decreased HR |
|
|
Term
| types of lipoproteins and their functions |
|
Definition
chylomicrons: largest, transport trigs to liver
VLDLs: large amt of trigs
LDLs: main carrier of cholesterol
IDLs: recycled VLDLs/LDLs
HDLs: 50% protein |
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|
Term
| hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia |
|
Definition
| hyperlipidemia: extremely high amounts of trigs, phospholipids, and/or cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia, elevated LDLs, diminished HDLs) |
|
|
Term
| atherosclerosis: development |
|
Definition
| streak (intimal discolorations)--> plaque (collection of intra/extracellular lipids, scarring)--> lesion (hemorrhage, ulceration, more scarring)--> embolism (lesion shoulder ruptures, releasing necrotic core--> immune--> clot) |
|
|
Term
| thromboangitis obliterans |
|
Definition
inflammatory arterial disorder that causes thrombus formation
high risk: smokers and men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasospasm in the (upper) extremities, turns skin pale, then flushed with the spasm relaxes
high risk: women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by weakening of arterial walls (often secondary to athero)
berry vs. fusiform/saccular: small spherical dilation (circle of Willis) vs. gradual enlargement of the aorta
dissection: effusive perforation, life-threatening emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S&S: pain, weakness, paresthesia distal to occlusion; symptoms consistent with lack of perfusion
100%: ischemia--> injury--> necrosis |
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|
Term
| Varicosity vs. thrombophlebitis |
|
Definition
| weakening/enlargement of venous walls due to incompetency vs. inflammation of a clot (DVT) |
|
|
Term
| atherosclerosis: Risk Factors |
|
Definition
preventable lifestyle habits (poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking)
Family History of CHD
Age: >45M, >55F
C-reactive protein, and homocysteine levels |
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