Term
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Definition
hyperfunction: hyperthyroidism-thyrotoxicosis
hypofunction: hypothyroidism- myxedema
-aplasia- no growth of gland
-hypoplasia- low growth
-abnormal receptors
goiter-gland itself enlarged, excess or lack of iodine |
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Term
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Definition
a state of hypermetabolism and hyperactivity of cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems induced by high levels of circulating T3, T4, or both.
-Graves disease
etiology
-diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid-goiter
--increased synthesis of T3 and T4
-thryoid follicular cell desctruction
--release of preformed T3 and T4
-ingestion/administration of thyroid hormone or iodide preparations
-functional thyroid neoplasms
-pituitary hypersecretion of TSH-secondary cause of hyperthyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
-young to middle adults
-more women affected
-familial incidence
-autoimmune
infiltration of thyroid by lymphocytes
circulating antibodies against several thyroid antigens
presence of circulating IgG(LATS)
pathogenesis of ocular disorders: inflammatory process |
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Term
graves disease:
general features |
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Definition
hyperthyroidism
goiter
ocular manifestations-not reversible
exophthalmos
lid retraction
ophthalmoplegia-eye muscles not working well (paralysis) |
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Term
graves disease:
clinical manifestations |
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Definition
behavior changes
insomnia, restlessness, palpitations, hand tremors, nervousness
heat intolerance, diaphoresis
increased body temp
increased HR and systolic pressure
fatigability, muscle weakness
weight loss, despite increased appetite
ocular manifestations |
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Term
graves disease:
thyroid storm |
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Definition
life threatening form of thyrotoxicosis
exagerated clinical features
-increased temp
-tachycardia and cardiac arrythmias
-congestive heart failure
-extreme restlessness, agitation, psychoses
-n/v, sever diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
congenital: cretinism
acquired
-hashimoto(lymphocytic)thyroiditis
-iodine deficiency or impeded utilization
-iatrogenic events: XRT, thyroidectomy
-goitrogen ingestion
secondary (pituitary origin) |
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Term
hypothyroidism: prevalence |
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Definition
older age group 60s
women more often
children-cretinism |
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Term
hypothyroidism
pathogenesis |
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Definition
-in primary hypothyroidism: autoimmune
--evidence: circulating antibodies against thyroid antigens
-in secondary: thyroid atrophy due to pituitary insufficiency |
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Term
hypothyroidism:
clinical manifestations |
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Definition
-decreased metabolism, reduced appetite
-slow mentation, speech, movement
-goiter
-skin cool and dry
-constipation
-weakness, lethargy, fatigability
-intolerance to cold
-deepened voice
-thickened tongue
-dry, thick, pale skin (carotenemia)
-coarse sparse hair
-slow heart rate, insufficiency, angina
-hypercholesterolemia
-mentrual irregularities
-advanced disease: myxedema |
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Term
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Definition
non-pitting edema
older populations
altered mental state
altered thermoregulation
history of predisposing events
myxedema coma-rare |
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Term
hypothyroidism:
cretinism |
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Definition
-occurring from birth or in early infancy
-may appear normal at birth
-abnormalities appear in a few weeks
inborn error of iodine metabolism
maternal iodine deficiency
-dwarfism
-enlarged tongue
-enlarged abdomen
-dentition delayed
-respiratory disorders
-mental deficit permanent if untreated |
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Term
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Definition
-thyroid enlargement, with (toxic goiter) or without (simple)
-inflammatory processes (thyroiditis)
-functional disorders
-neoplasms |
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Term
goiter:
inflammatory processes |
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Definition
types of enlargement
-hashimoto type (struma)
--modest enlargement, nodular, symmetrical, rubbery, firm, whitish
-riedel type (struma)
--fibrotic, with potential for compression of vital organs |
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Term
goiter:
functional disorders |
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Definition
-decreased iodine intake-most common
-intake of goitrogenic foods
-inborn errors of metabolism
types:
-diffuse: across entire gland-more related to increased levels of TSH
-nodular: maybe only one side-focal areas of enlargement |
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Term
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Definition
benign tumors: follicular adenomas
malignant tumors: iatrogenic
-papillary carcinoma: generally stick around the cervical area
-follicular carcinoma: spread via the blood stream
-anaplastic carcinoma
-medullary carcinoma: rarest
usually due to something that we do to the pts, radiation, etc |
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