Term
Aquaporins is/are:
a) a mechanism to enable the body to adapt to hyperkalemia
b) restrictive to water intake
c) a mechanism that facilitates renal excretion of potassium
d) antibodies known to cause hypokalemia
e) water channel proteins that provide cell membrane permeability to water |
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Definition
| e - water channel proteins that provide cell membrane permeability to water |
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Term
Of the 60% of the body weight made up of water, about two thirds is:
a) extracellular water
b) intracellular water
c) intravascular water
d) interstitial water
e) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Sodium is responsible for:
a) ICF osmotic balance
b) ECF osmotic balance
c) TBW osmolarity
d) osmotic equilibrium |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement is true?
a) the number of ions and anions in the body must be equal
b) intravascular molecules of protein are without charge
c) the sodium ions must be united with chloride ions
d) the positive and negative charges in blood plasma must be equal to each other |
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Definition
| d - the positive and negative charges in blood plasma must be equal to each other |
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Term
Aldosterone controls ECF volume by:
a) carbohydrate, fat, and protein catabolism
b) sodium reabsorption
c) potassium reabsorption
d) water reabsorption
e) both b and d |
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Definition
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Term
The release of ADH is NOT stimulated by:
a) stress
b) hyponatremia
c) hypernatremia
d) an increase in plasma osmolarity
e) a decrease in plasma volume |
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Definition
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Term
An acid is:
a) an anion
b) a cation
c) a substance/chemical that combines with a hydrogen ion to lower pH
d) a substance/chemical that donates a hydrogen ion or a proton to the solution |
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Definition
| d - a substance/chemical that donates a hydrogen ion or a proton to the solution |
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Term
Strong acids (more than one may apply):
a) include phosphoric acid
b) contribute many H+ to the solution
c) have a pH of 7
d) have a pH of 14
e) are eliminated by the renal tubules
f) are good buffers |
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Definition
| a, b, c - include phosphoric acid, contribute many H+ to the solution and have a pH of 7 |
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Term
The blood pH is maintained near 7.4 by buffering systems. The sequence from the fastest-acting to the slowest-acting system is:
a) lungs, kidneys, blood buffers
b) blood buffers, lungs, kidneys
c) blood buffers, kidneys, lungs
d) lungs, blood buffers, kidneys |
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Definition
| b - blood buffers, lungs, kidneys |
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Term
Which would NOT shift the blood pH toward alkalosis?
a) hydrogen ion secretion into urine
b) exhalation of carbon dioxide
c) bicarbonate ion secretion into urine
d) all of the above would shift the blood pH toward alkalosis
e) none of the above would do so |
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Definition
| c - bicarbonate ion secretion into urine |
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Term
A young female became agitated and apprehensive, and she eventually lost consciousness. At the hospital emergency room, the following laboratory values were obtained:
Plasma sodium = 137 mEq/L, Plasma potassium = 5.0 mEq/L, Blood pH = 7.53, Serum CO2 = 22 mm Hg, Plasma bicarbonate = 24 mEq/L
Her immediate diagnosis was:
a) hypokalemia
b) metabolic acidosis
c) metabolic alkalosis
d) respiratory acidosis
e) respiratory alkalosis |
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Definition
| e - respiratory alkalosis |
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Term
As HCO3 shifts from the red blood cell to the blood plasma, it is expected that the plasma:
a) Na+ increases
b) Cl shifts into the red blood cell
c) K+ increases
d) pH decreases |
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Definition
| b - Cl shifts into the red blood cell |
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