Term
During vomiting there is:
a) forceful diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions, airway closure, esophageal sphincter relaxation, and deep inspiration
b) deep inspiration, airway closure, forceful diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions, and esophageal sphincter relaxation
c) airway closure, forceful diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions, deep inspiration, and esophageal sphincter relaxation
d) esophageal sphincter relaxation, forceful diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions, deep inspiration, and airway closure |
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Definition
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Term
IBS:
a) is a structural disorder
b) manifests diarrhea when colonic transit is delayed
c) can be cured by using laxatives
d) is related to dysregulation of the "brain-gut axis" |
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Definition
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Term
Osmotic diarrhea is caused by:
a) lactase deficiency
b) bacterial enterotoxins
c) ulcerative colitis
d) Crohn disease
e) both c and d are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Melena is:
a) blood vomitus
b) gaseous bowel distention
c) blood in the stool
d) loss of appetite
e) black, tarry stools |
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Definition
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Term
A common manifestation of hiatal hernia is:
a) gastroesophageal reflux
b) diarrhea
c) belching
d) postprandial substernal pain
e) both a and d |
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Definition
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Term
Gastroesophageal reflux is:
a) caused by rapid gastric emptying
b) excessive lower esophageal sphincter functioning
c) associated with abdominal surgery
d) caused by spontaneously relaxing lower esophageal sphincter |
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Definition
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Term
Intestinal obstruction causes:
a) decreased intraluminal tension
b) hyperkalemia
c) decreased nutrient absorption
d) both a and b
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Peptic ulcers may be located in the:
a) stomach
b) esophagus
c) duodenum
d) colon
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Gastric ulcers:
a) may lead to malignancy
b) occur at a younger age than duodenal ulcers
c) always have increased acid production
d) exhibit nocturnal pain
e) both a and c |
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Definition
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Term
Duodenal ulcers:
a) occur four times more often in females than in males
b) may be complicated by hemorrhage
c) are associated with sepsis
d) may cause inflammation and scar tissue formation around the sphincter of Oddi |
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Definition
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Term
In malabsorption syndrome, flatulence and abdominal distention are likely caused by:
a) protein deficiency and electrolyte imbalance
b) undigested lactose fermentation by bacteria
c) fat irritating the bowel
d) impaired absorption of amino acids and accompanying edema |
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Definition
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Term
The characteristic lesion of Crohn disease is:
a) found in the ileum
b) precancerous
c) granulomatous
d) malignant
e) both a and c |
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Definition
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Term
Low residue diets and chronic constipation play a role in the pathogenesis of:
a) appendicitis
b) diverticulitis
c) ulcerative colitis
d) Crohn disease
e) cholecystitis |
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Definition
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Term
A 14 year old boy has been admitted to the emergency room with acute onset abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant. Abdominal rebound tenderness is intense, and he has a fever and leukocytosis. This individual most likely is suffering from:
a) acute appendicitis
b) diverticulitis
c) ulcerative colitis
d) cholelithiasis
e) chloecystitis |
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Definition
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Term
Leptin:
a) promotes insulin resistance
b) binds to insulin receptors
c) suppresses hunger/appetite at the hypothalamus
d) a b and c
e) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Short-term starvation involves:
a) glycogenolysis
b) gluconeogenesis
c) proteolysis
d) both a and b
e) a, b and c |
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Definition
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Term
THe most common manifestation of portal hypertension is:
a) rectal bleeding
b) cirrhosis
c) intestinal bleeding
d) duodenal bleeding
e) vomiting of blood from esophageal bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
Hepatic encephalopathy is manifested by:
a) ascites
b) splenomegaly
c) dark urine
d) oliguria
e) cerebral dysfunction |
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Definition
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Term
Which would be consistent with a diagnosis of viral hepatitis? (More than one may apply)
a) elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) serum enzymes
b) decreased serum albumin levels
c) prolonged coagulation times
d) increased serum bilirubin levels
e) decreased alanine transaminase (ALT) serum enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
Which viral hepatitis is NOT associated with a chronic state or a carrier state?
a) Hep A
b) Hep B
c) Hep C
d) serum hepatitis
e) Hep D |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of jaundice is caused by the increased destruction of erythrocytes?
a) obstructive
b) hemolytic
c) hepatocellular
d) both b and c |
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Definition
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Term
Which most often causes biliary cirrhosis?
a) malnutrition
b) alcoholism
c) Hep A or Hep C
d) autoimmunity
e) biliary obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
Symptoms of cholelithiasis include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) nausea and vomiting
b) right upper quadrant tenderness
c) jaundice
d) decreased serum bilirubin levels
e) abdominal distress |
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Definition
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Term
In pancreatitis:
a) the tissue damage likely results from release of pancreatic enzymes
b) high cholesterol intake is causative
c) that is chronic, diabetes is uncommon
d) bacterial infection is the etiologic cause |
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Definition
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Term
Predisposing factors in the development of colon cancer include all of the following except:
a) familial polyposis
b) ulcerative colitis
c) low-fiber/high-fat diet
d) high-fiber diet
e) diet high in refined CHO |
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Definition
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