Term
The muscularis of the gastrointestinal tract is:
a) skeletal muscle throughout the tract, particularly in the esophagus and large intestine
b) the layer that contains the blood capillaries for the entire wall of the tract
c) composed principally of keratinized epithelium
d) composed of circular fibers and longitudinal fibers |
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Definition
| d - composed of circular fibers and longitudinal fibers |
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Term
The digestive functions performed by the saliva and salivary amylase, respectively, are:
a) moistening and protein digestion
b) deglutition and fat digestion
c) peristalsis and polysaccharide digestion
d) lubrication and carbohydrate digestion |
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Definition
| d - lubrication and carbohydrate digestion |
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Term
The nervous pathway involved in salivary secretion requires stimulation of:
a) receptors in the taste buds and somatic motor impulses to the salivary glands
b) receptors in the mouth, sensory ipulses, and parasympathetic impulses to the salivary glands
c) taste receptors, sensory impulses, and somatic motor impulses to the salivary glands
d) pressoreceptors in blood vessels and autonomic impulses to the salivary glands |
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Definition
| b - receptors in the mouth, sensory impulses, and parasympathetic impulses to the salivary glands |
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Term
Food would pass rapidly from the stomach into the duodenum if it were NOT for the:
a) fundus
b) epiglottis
c) rugae
d) cardiac sphincter
e) pyloric sphincter |
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Definition
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Term
The secretion of gastric juice:
a) occurs only when swallowed food comes in contact with the stomach
b) is entirely under the control of the hormone gastrin
c) is entirely under the control of the hormone enterogastrone
d) is stimulated by the presence of saliva in the stomach
e) occurs in three phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal |
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Definition
| e - occurs in three phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal |
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Term
During nervous control of gastric secretion, the gastric glands secrete before food enters the stomach. This stimulus to the glands comes from:
a) gastrin
b) impulses over somatic nerves from the hypothalamus
c) motor impulses from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
d) parasympathetic impulses over the vagus nerve |
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Definition
| d - parasympathetic impulses over the vagus nerve |
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Term
Pepsinogen:
a) must be activated by HCl
b) is secreted by the chief cells
c) is a precursor to pepsin
d) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Beginning at the lumen of the tube, the sequence of layers of the gastrointestinal tract is:
a) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
b) submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis
c) submucosa, mucosa, muscularis, skeletal muscle
d) serosa, muscularis, mucosa, submucosa |
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Definition
| a - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa |
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Term
Normally, when chyme leaves the stomach:
a) the nutrients are ready for absorption into the blood
b) the amount of inorganic salts has been increased by the action of hydrochloric acid
c) its pH is neutral
d) the proteins have been partly digested into polypeptides
e) all of the above |
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Definition
| d - the proteins have been partly digested into polypeptides |
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Term
Which layer of the small intestine includes microvilli?
a) submucosa
b) mucosa
c) muscularis
d) serosa |
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Definition
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Term
Which is NOT an example of mechanical digestion?
a) chewing
b) churning and mixing of food in the stomach
c) peristalsis and mastication
d) conversion of protein molecules into amino acids |
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Definition
| d - conversion of protein molecules into amino acids |
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Term
Pancreatic juice is to trypsin as gastric juice is to:
a) salivary amylase
b) pepsin
c) mucin
d) intrinsic factor |
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Definition
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Term
Which part of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus?
a) jejunum
b) pyloric sphincter
d) duodenum
d) cardiac sphincter
e) common bile duct |
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Definition
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Term
The pancreas:
a) lies mostly on the left side of the abdominal cavity, anterior to the stomach and the spleen
b) secretes all of its products directly into the bloodstream
c) is a gland with its duct ultimately opening into the duodenum
d) contains cells with endocrine function for the determination of secondary sex characteristics
e) is classified as a digestive exocrine gland and does not have endocrine functions |
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Definition
| c - is a gland with its duct ultimately opening into the duodenum |
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Term
The chief role played by the pancreas in digestion is to:
a) secrete insulin and glucagon
b) churn the food and bring it into contact with digestive enzymes
c) secrete enzymes, which digest food in the small intestine
d) assist in absorbing the digested foods |
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Definition
| c - secrete enzymes, which digest food in the small intestine |
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Term
Among the structural features of the small intestine are villi, microvilli, and circular folds. Their function is to:
a) liberate hormones
b) promote peristalsis
c) liberate digestive enzymes
d) increase the surface area for digestion |
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Definition
| d - increase the surface area for absorption |
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Term
The fate of carbohydrates in the small intestine is:
a) digestion to monosaccharides
b) conversion to simple sugars by the activity of trypsin
c) hydrolysis to amino acids
d) conversion to glycerol and fatty acids |
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Definition
| a - digestion to monosaccharides |
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Term
The absorptive fate of the end products of digestion may be summarized by which of the following?
a) most fatty acids are absorbed into the blood; glucose and amino acids are absorbed into the lymphatic system
b) amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed into blood capillaries; most fatty acids are absorbed into lymph
c) amino acids and fatty acids are absorbed into lymph capillaries; glycerol and glucose are absorbed into blood capillaries
d) fatty acids are absorbed into blood capillaries; glycerol, glucose, and amino acids are absorbed into lymph |
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Definition
| b - amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed into blood capillaries; most fatty acids are absorbed into lymph |
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Term
A lobule of the liver contains a centrally located:
a) vein with radiating hepatocytes and sinusoids
b) arteriole with radiating capillaries and Kupffer cells
c) hepatic sinus with radiating sinusoids
d) hepatic duct with radiating Kupffer cells and cords of hepatic cells |
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Definition
| a - vein with radiating hepatocytes and sinusoids |
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Term
An obstruction of the common bile duct would cause blockage of bile coming from:
a) the gallbladder
b) the liver but not from the gallbladder
c) both the liver and the gallbladder
d) the pancreatic duct but not from the gallbadder |
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Definition
| c - both the liver and the gallbladder |
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Term
The human adult liver does NOT:
a) store glycogen
b) produce erythrocytes
c) convert ammonia to urea
d) produce blood coagulation proteins |
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Definition
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Term
The chyme that enters the large intestine is converted to feces by activity of:
a) specific mucosal enzymes
b) gastric and duodenal hormones
c) bacteria and water reabsorption
d) the microvilli, villi, and circular muscles |
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Definition
| c - bacteria and water reabsorption |
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