Layers of the heart

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

Diagnostic Tests

Ausculation

Doppler

Electrocardiogram

Echocardiography

Ultrasound arteriography

Cardiac cathetenzation

X-rays- angiocardiography, angiography, venogram

blood tests

ankle-brachial index test (ABI)

Arteriosclerosis and Atheroclerosis

loss of elasticity and thickening of artery wall

AKA hardening of arteries

Plaque- deposits of fatty or lipid material in wall of artery

coronary arteries, cerebral arterties, aorta, peripheral arteries

Peripheral Vascular Disease

(PVD)

caused by atherosclerotic plaque in arteries supplying

blood to legs

intermittent claudation- muscle cramps relieved with rest and increased with activity

treatment:

endarterectomy

 if necrosis occurs, amputation or resection may be necessary