Term
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Definition
From skin (cutaneous)
Bone muscle
Conducted by sensory fibers |
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Term
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Definition
Originates in organs
Conducted by sympathetic fibers
May be acute or chronic |
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Term
| Nociceptors (pain receptors) are free |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Level of stimulation required to elicit a pain response
Usually does not vary among individuals |
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Term
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Definition
Ability to cope with pain
Culturally related
Varies among individuals |
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Term
| Myelinated A delta fibers |
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Definition
Transmit impulses very rapidly
Acute pain
• Sudden, sharp, localized |
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Term
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Definition
Transmit impulses slowly
Chronic pain
• Diffuse, dull, burning, or aching sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of skin innervated by a specific spinal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
“mapped”
• Corresponds to source of pain stimuli |
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Term
| Reflex response (efferent response) |
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Definition
Involuntary muscle contraction away from pain source
Involuntary muscle contraction to guard against movement |
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Term
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Definition
| fast impulses; acute pain |
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Term
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Definition
| slow impulses; chronic, dull pain |
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Term
| Spinothalamic tracts connect with |
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Definition
| reticular formation of brain |
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Term
Somatic sensory area in the cerebral cortex
located in |
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Definition
the parietal lobe
Perception and localization of sensation |
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Term
| Hypothalamus and limbic system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Reticular activating system
Reticular formation in the pons and medulla
Awareness of incoming brain stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
Control systems, “gates” built into normal pain pathways
Can modify pain stimuli conduction and transmission in the spinal cord and brain.
Gates open
• Pain impulses transmitted from periphery to brain
Gates closed
• Reduces or modifies the passage of pain impulses |
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Term
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Definition
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Increases sensory stimulation at site, blocking pain transmission. |
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Term
| Opiate-like chemicals (opioids) |
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Definition
Secreted by interneurons of the CNS (endogenous).
Block conduction of pain impulses to the CNS
Resemble morphine
• Enkephalins, dynorphins, beta-lipoproteins |
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Term
| Physical evidence of pain |
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Definition
Pallor and sweating
High blood pressure, tachycardia |
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Term
Frequently evident in people with chest pain or
trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| Infants respond physiologically |
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Definition
| Examples: tachycardia, increased blood pressure, facial expressions |
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Term
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Definition
Usually in adults
More common if chronic pain has occurred.
Can follow an amputation
Pain, itching, tingling
Usually does not respond to common pain
therapies.
May resolve within weeks to months.
Phenomenon not fully understood |
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Term
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Definition
Usually sudden and severe, short term
Indicates tissue damage.
May be localized or generalized.
Initiates physiologic stress response.
Increase blood pressure and heart rate; cool, pale,
moist skin; increase respiratory rate; increase skeletal
muscle tension
Vomiting may occur.
Strong emotional response may occur. |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs over extended time; may be recurrent.
Usually more difficult to treat than acute pain
Often perceived to be generalized.
Individual may be fatigued, irritable, depressed.
Sleep disturbances common
Specific cause may be less apparent.
Appetite may be affected.
Can lead to weight gain or loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by dysfunction or damage to the brain or spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by trauma or disease involving the peripheral nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from a profound, sudden loss of blood flow to an organ or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by advance of the disease; pain associated with treatment; result of coexisting disease |
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