Term
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Definition
Increase in size of cells -> increased size of organ
Uterine myometrium during pregnancy
Heart myocardium to increased load
Skeletal muscle and exercise
Smooth ER of hepatocytes in response to alcohol or drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in # of cells -> increased size of organ
Result of growth factor driven proliferation of mature cells or increase in new cells from stem cells.
Physiologic Hyperplasia: Liver(regen)
Pathologic Hyperplasia: Endometrium
Excess growth factors -> Hyperplasia of Endometrium -> Abnormal menstrual bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
Reduced size of an organ from decrease in cell size or number.
From decreased protein synthesis or increased degradation
Physiologic: Embryonic structures
Pathologic: Decreased use/stimulation of tissue, decreased blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
Reversible change in which one differentiated cell type is replaced by another
Barret esophagus: Acid reflux causes squamous cells -> Glandular
HPV in cervix Glandular(columnar) -> Squamous |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to infarcts(ischemia) in all solid organs except brain(Liquefactive) |
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Term
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Definition
Tuberculosis in lungs
Granulomatous
Granular cheesy material |
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Term
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Definition
Type III hypersensitivity or autoimmune disease involving ICs
Brightly eosinophilic |
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Term
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Definition
| any change that has pink homogenous appearance, alcoholic hyaline |
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Term
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Definition
Acute Panreatitis
Pancreatic enzymes escape and digest adjacent fat cells |
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Term
| Agents causing Mitochondrial Damage |
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Definition
Increased Cytosolic Ca++
ROS
Lipid peroxidation |
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Term
| Irreversible damage is associated with? |
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Definition
Inability to reverse mitochondria dysfunction
Profound disturbances in membrane function |
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Term
| Ischemia-reperfusion injury |
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Definition
Ischemia -> Mitochondrial damage -> decreases ability of mitochondria to control free radicals
Reperfusion -> New oxygen produces oxygen free radicals along with increased inflammatory cells ->
Complement system, cytokines -> Damage |
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Term
| Morphologic and Biochemical changes in APoptosis |
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Definition
Cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation
phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages |
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Term
| Intracellular accumulation of lipids |
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Definition
| Steatosis(Fatty change), Liver and heart -> Cell death |
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Term
| Intracellular accumulation of protein |
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Definition
Defective transport of alpha-1-antitrypsin
Accumulation of normal protien -> russel bodies.
Accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins
Alcoholic hyaline(pink)-> Mallory bodies |
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Term
Pigments
Lipofuscin
Melanin
Hemosiderin |
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Definition
Lipofuscin(Brown, Fucus) in myocytes
Melanin(Black, Melas)
Hemosiderin(Golden, yellow-brown
Prussian blue = stain for iron
Systemic iron overload common
Hemosiderin stores iron. |
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Term
| Dystrophic vs Metastatic calcification |
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Definition
Dystrophic: Abnormal tissue, normal serum calcium. Aging, necrosis, damage
Metastatic: Elevated serum calcium: affects normal tissue, GI tract, Lungs, Kidneys(alkaline environments) |
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