Term
| what are the acute inflammaory dermatitis (3) |
|
Definition
hives/uricaria
eczema
erythema multiform |
|
|
Term
| what do hives look like, where are they |
|
Definition
wheel: edema, puritic
trunk, distal extremities, ears |
|
|
Term
| what are the two causes of hives |
|
Definition
IgE activate mast cells in response to antigen and cause vasodilation
hereditary angioedema: activation of complement excites mast cells causing vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| what causes activation of mast cells in hereditary angioedema |
|
Definition
| uncontrolled activation of complement due to opiates, antibiotics, NSAIDS, cold |
|
|
Term
| describe histology of hives |
|
Definition
wide spaces between collagen bundles
eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| who gets hives, how long do they last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 7 types of eczema |
|
Definition
contact
atopic
primary irritant
drug induced
excematous
photoexcematous
pithodermatitis |
|
|
Term
| what does contact eczema look like |
|
Definition
filled clear vesicles
itching burning |
|
|
Term
| what causes contact eczema from plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes atopic eczema |
|
Definition
defect in keratin layer
family hx |
|
|
Term
| what does atopic eczema look like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes primary irritant eczema |
|
Definition
| trauma or irritation (non-immunologic) |
|
|
Term
| what causes drug induced eczema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes excematouos eczema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes photoexcematous eczema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes pithodermatitis |
|
Definition
| fucocumarin and psoralens from plant and UV light |
|
|
Term
| what does pithodermatitis look like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the atopic triangle |
|
Definition
atopic dermatitis
asthma
allergic rhinitis |
|
|
Term
| what does erythema multiform look like |
|
Definition
macular, papular, pustule, etc
characteristic: red macularpapular pale, vesicular, eroded center |
|
|
Term
| what causes erythema multiform |
|
Definition
| hypersensitivity to drug/infection activates CD8 which eats keratinocytes (and basal cells if serious) |
|
|
Term
| what are two complications of erythema multiform, their appearance, and cause |
|
Definition
SJS: CD8 attacks deeper cells on mucosa (conjunctiva, urethra, genital)
toxic epidermal necrolutis: necrosis and sloughing of cutaneous and mucosa due to full epidermal thickness erosion |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 chronic inflammatory dermatitis |
|
Definition
psoriasis
seborrhetic dermatitis
lichen planus
lupus erythematous |
|
|
Term
| where is psoriasis located |
|
Definition
elbow
knww
scalp
lumbosacral
gluteal fold
glans penis |
|
|
Term
| what does psoriasis look like |
|
Definition
dermacrated, pink silver, loose scales
nails: pitting, yellow brown, anceylysis (seperates from skin)
psoriatic arthritis |
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of psoriasis |
|
Definition
keritnocytes have nuclei and can still divide
increased epidermal turn over on rete causes acanthosis (increased thickness)
thinning of epidermis over papillae into stratum granulosum |
|
|
Term
| what is a clinical way to diagnose psoriasis |
|
Definition
| auzpitz sign: pick the lesion and you will get microbleeds |
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of psoriasis histologically |
|
Definition
thinning of papillar
thickening of rete
munro microabscess: PMN in stratum corneum
Parakaratonic scale: keratinocyte with nuclei allow for division
superificial dermal infiltrate: dermis seen in epidermis |
|
|
Term
| seborrhetic dermaitits: where is it located, what does it look like |
|
Definition
sebaceous glands on scalp, forehead, EAM, nasolabial, pre-sternal
dandruff: cradle cap
eczema like to psoriasis like |
|
|
Term
| what is a histological sign of dermatitis |
|
Definition
| parakytosis: PMN and serum at ostea of hair follicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrist, elbow, glans penis, oral mucosa |
|
|
Term
| lichen planus: appearance |
|
Definition
| puritic, purple, polygonal, papular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| response to antigens in dermal epidermal junction |
|
|
Term
| lichen planus: histological |
|
Definition
ciyatte (colloid) bodies
lymphocyte infiltrate
hypergranulosis
zigzag/sawtooth at epidermal dermal jucntion |
|
|
Term
| what causes ciyatte bodies, what disease is it in |
|
Definition
lichen planus
kerinocytes look like stratum spinosum and cause necrosis |
|
|
Term
| what conditiosn is erythema multiforme associated with |
|
Definition
any age
infection: HSV, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, thyphoid, leprosy
drug: sulfa, penicillin, barbituates, antimalarials
malignancy: carcinomas, lymphomas
vascular disease: lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa |
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of blisters |
|
Definition
phemphigus vulgaris
bullous phemigod
dermatitis herpatiformis |
|
|
Term
| what does phemigus vulgaris look like |
|
Definition
superficial vesicles
bulle that rupture easy and dry and crust |
|
|
Term
| where is phemigus vulgaris located |
|
Definition
mucosa and skin
scalp, face, axilla, groin |
|
|
Term
| what cause phemigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
| igG atttach desmogleins (cement) |
|
|
Term
| phemigus vulgaris histologu |
|
Definition
acanthosis: cells that look like row of tombstomes
IgG in fish net pattern |
|
|
Term
| who gets phemigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is bullous phemigod located |
|
Definition
mucosa and skin
inner thigh, flexors, forearm, axillae, groin
30% oral |
|
|
Term
| what does bullous phemigod look like |
|
Definition
bullae with clear fluid
dont rupture easy
dont scar if they dont rupture |
|
|
Term
| what causes bullous phemigod |
|
Definition
| IgG attacks hemidesmosomes so basal cells detech from BM |
|
|
Term
| histology of bullous phemigod |
|
Definition
IgG in linear pattern
spans entire epidermis (subepidermal non-acanthotic blister
eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| who gets bullous phemigod |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does dermatitis herpatiformis look like |
|
Definition
blister
uticaria in grouped vesicles |
|
|
Term
| what causes dermatitis herpatiformis |
|
Definition
| auto IgA associated with celiac disease |
|
|
Term
| histology of dermatiti herpatiformis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 benign neoplasma |
|
Definition
nevocellular/melanocytic nevi
acanthosi nigrans
keritocanthoma
seborrhetic keratitis
actintic keratois |
|
|
Term
| what do nevoceullular/melanocytic nevi look like |
|
Definition
tan turns to brown
uniform pigment papule
well defined border |
|
|
Term
| what caue nevocellular/melanocytic nevi |
|
Definition
highly dendeitic ingle cell melanocytes turn to aggregate round nest cell melanocytes
found on rete ridges
congenital or acquired |
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of nevocellular nevi |
|
Definition
junctional
dysplastic
compound |
|
|
Term
| describe a junctional nevi |
|
Definition
flat
grows into dermis
turns into compound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in dermis
raised dome
matures into melanin containing cords of nevus cells |
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of dysplastic nevi, describe each |
|
Definition
sporatic: rarley malignant
familial: malignant/heratiable melanona
both have 100% risk of melanoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large >5mm
hundreds of lesions in non-sun areas |
|
|
Term
| describe acanthosis nigrans |
|
Definition
velvet thick pigmented
could have skin tags |
|
|
Term
| where is acanthosis nigrans |
|
Definition
| flexors: neck, groin, anogenital, axillae |
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of acanthosis nigrans and the causes |
|
Definition
benign: obesity and insulin resistance, endocrine abnormalities, drugs (steroids)
malignant: middle aged, tumor makes epidermal GF |
|
|
Term
| what does keritocanthoma look like |
|
Definition
crater with keratin mass in center over epidermal hyperplasia
can cause squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| where is keritocanthoma located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the timeline of keritocanthoma |
|
Definition
3-4 wk grows to 3cm
3-4 mo resolves |
|
|
Term
| what does seborrhetic keratosis look like |
|
Definition
light yellow tan
increased thickness
greasy crust
black dermatocration (stuck on)
verrucous: wart like surface
hyperpigmented |
|
|
Term
| seborrhetic keratosis histology |
|
Definition
horn cyst cells with heratin
normal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden development of many srborrhatic keratosis that turned malignant due to previous malignancy (like renal cell carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| what does actinic keratosis look like |
|
Definition
cutaneous horns
ill defined acule or papule
hyperkeritosis |
|
|
Term
| who gets actinic keratosis, where, complications |
|
Definition
elderly
sun exposed areas
premalignant squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| histology actinic keratosis |
|
Definition
parakeratosis
dysplasia in lower epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seborrhetic dermatitis with dandruff, diarrhea, and failure to thirve |
|
|
Term
| what are the three malignant neoplasms |
|
Definition
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma |
|
|
Term
| appearance squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
red, scaline, plaque turns to
nodular, hyperkeritotic, red
may ulcerate, cutaneous horns, leukoplakia |
|
|
Term
| histology squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
atypical epithelium extends into dermis
dysplasia in ALL layers
keratin pearls
intracellular bridges
mitotic figures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| <5% metastasize before found |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sun, fair skin, carcinogens, burns, arsenic, chronic ulcer, osteomyelitic, chew, xeroderma pigmentosum |
|
|
Term
| appearance basal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
sun exposed area
slow growing
locally agressive
rodent ulcer: distinct border, grows at skin
pealry papule with telengectasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ulcer
nest of blastoid cells
palaside border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excision cures 50%
rarley metastasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sun, fair skin, immune deficiency, xeroderma pigmentosum |
|
|
Term
| malignant melanoma appearance |
|
Definition
asymptomatic or puritic
>1cm
ABCDE |
|
|
Term
| two types malignant melanoma and their prognosis |
|
Definition
vertical - worse, stage by depth (breslow, clark)
horizontal - better |
|
|
Term
| histology and appearance of vertical malignant melanoma |
|
Definition
| nodular aggregate of celanoma cells spread from lesion |
|
|
Term
| histology of horizontal melanoma |
|
Definition
irregular nest of melanoma cells
inflammed dermis |
|
|
Term
| three types of horizontal melanoma |
|
Definition
lentigo maligma "hutchinsons freckle"
superificial spreading
acral-lentiginous |
|
|
Term
| lentigo maligma: who gets, prognosis, location |
|
Definition
face and neck
elderly
in situ for years |
|
|
Term
| sperificial spreading MM: who gets, prognosis |
|
Definition
caucasian
in situ for months |
|
|
Term
| acral lentiginous: who gets, location |
|
Definition
dark skin
hands, feet, sublingual |
|
|
Term
| what disease is from epidermal malnutrition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperkeratosis in stratum corneum due to epidermal malnutrition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
little to no inflammation
loss of basket weave of stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| types of icthyosis, which is most common |
|
Definition
icthyosis vulgaris - common
x linked
congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
lamellar ichthyosis |
|
|
Term
| icthyosis vulgaris: cause |
|
Definition
| dominant or acquired from sarcoidosis, HIV infection, hypothyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| congenital erytheoderma cause, appearance |
|
Definition
homozygous recessive
colloidan baby |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hyperlinear palms
fish like scales from hyperkeratosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disorder of sebaceous follicles
adrenergic homrones: cause abnormal kertinization of follicles which block sebaceous ducts causing microcomedo and comedone
hereditary: less in asian and dark skin
peopinibacterium acnes: bacterial lipases convert lipids in serum to proinflammatory FA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mold
moderate
cystic
sequale |
|
|
Term
| signs of mild acne vulgaris |
|
Definition
comedones
occasional papule or pustule |
|
|
Term
| signs of moderate acne vulgaris |
|
Definition
more inflammation
lesions heal with scars |
|
|
Term
| signs of cystic acne vulgaris |
|
Definition
large deep many papules or pustules
often on trunk (not really a cyst) |
|
|
Term
| signs of sequale acne vulgaris |
|
Definition
trunk involvement
prone to heal with atrophy or pitted scars on face
hypertonic keloids on back
post inflammation hyperpigmentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
begins in adolescence
open comdeones
closed comedones
papules
pustules |
|
|
Term
| what is an open comdeone, what is in it |
|
Definition
black head
sebum, keratin, oxidized melanin causes blockage |
|
|
Term
| what is a closed comdeone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two epidermal appendage disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idiopathic, no inheritence |
|
|
Term
| what percipitates rosacea |
|
Definition
sun, face washing, cosmetics
NOT alcohol, stress, food, smoking, cafiene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| descripe rhinophyma, who gets it |
|
Definition
middle aged men
disfiguring sebaceous hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
facial erythema and telangiectasis (rosy cheeks)
usually do not develop inflammatory lesions typical of rosacea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lesions on flush areas (cheeks, nose, forehead, chin)
blepharoconjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| who gets verrucae, what is the prognosis |
|
Definition
common in school aged kids
resolve alone except in adults and compormised |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infection of keratinocytes confined to epidermis
HPV usually 12, 18
skin to skin transmission |
|
|
Term
| what predisposes to verrucae |
|
Definition
| HIV, transplants, chemo, pregnancy, handling raw meat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
black dots: not in all types but used to distinguish from callus
absent fingerprint lines |
|
|
Term
| types of warts and their description |
|
Definition
filiform: thread like
plannar: flat
plantar: foot surface
condyloma acuminatum: genital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enhanced pigment transfer from melanocytes
accentuated by sun
idiopathic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resolves on own or with DC or hormones |
|
|
Term
| melasma is associated with |
|
Definition
| pregnancy, contraceptives, hydantions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause of epidermal melasma |
|
Definition
| increased melanin deposition in lower epidermal layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
melanin pigment incontience
macrophages in papillar dermis phagocytes melanin from epidermal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
local hyperplasia of melanocytes
does not darker in sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cafe au liat spots: oval tan brown macules or patches
rete ridges elongated and thin |
|
|
Term
| sign of neurofibromatosis type I |
|
Definition
| too many cafe au lait spots (in lentigines) |
|
|
Term
| what are other names for solar lentigines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause of solar lengitines |
|
Definition
age
sun exposure
increased melanocytes and melanophages |
|
|
