Term
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Definition
| localized problems in migration or formation of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| global skeletal abnormalities secondary to mutation of genes involved in regulation of skeletal development or structure |
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Term
|
Definition
point mutation of FGFR3
80% are new AD mutations |
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Term
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Definition
lethal due to small thorax
disorganized growth plate |
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Term
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Definition
defects in COL1 synthesis - too little bone, fragile skeleton
blue sclera, small brown-yellow teeth, hearing impairment |
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Term
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Definition
diffuse symmetric skeletal sclerosis due to impaired osteoclast function
fractures, CN defecits, anemia, infections |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced bone mass and porous bones |
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Term
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Definition
| net gain in bone mass - bone is disorganized and unstable |
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Term
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Definition
infection of bone - localized or complication of systemic infection
no organism in about 1/2 of cases |
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Term
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Definition
avascular necrosis or aseptic necrosis
infarction of bone - subchondral or medullary
secondary osteoarthritis complication |
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Term
|
Definition
any bone involved, usually cortical, often in femur or tibia
<2 cm
nocturnal pain relieved with NSAIDs
radioablation curative |
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Term
|
Definition
any bone involved, usually medullary, often in post spine and sacrum
>2 cm
painful, NOT relieved with NSAIDs
curettage or excision, low recurrence |
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Term
|
Definition
most common primary malignancy of bone
pain +/- palpable mass most common presentation
chemotherapy and limb-salvage surgery
mets most often to lung and bone
90% metaphysis - does not usually grow past growth plate |
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Term
| Osteochondroma ("exostosis") |
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Definition
most common bone tumor - like an ectopic growth plate
palpable mass or asymptomatic
excision curative - rarely progress to chondrosarcoma |
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Term
|
Definition
like an ectopic growth plate in middle of bone
often involve hands/feet
usually asymptomatic, perhaps pain in digits
observation and curretage - rarely progress to chondrosarcoma |
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Term
|
Definition
common in second decade - immature bone
predilection of long bone epiphyses-may have giant cells
treated by curretage |
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Term
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Definition
later in adulthood - 5-7th decade
often in pelvic girdle, ribs, knees
grade is important |
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Term
|
Definition
benign but locally aggressive
ends of long bones
pain, swelling, fracture
surgical treatment, recurrence |
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Term
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Definition
normal medulla replaced by abnormal fibro-osseous tissue - benign neoplasm
craniofacial, long bones, ribs - usually monostotic
"coast of Maine" |
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Term
|
Definition
malignant "small round blue cell" sarcoma
most common in children
at diaphysis of long bones - pelvis, ribes
chemo and surgery |
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Term
| Metastatic carcinoma to bone |
|
Definition
more common than primary bone tumors
multifocal
breast, lung, thyroid, kidney, prostate
pain, path fracture, hypercalcemia, marrow replacement (pancytopenia) |
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Term
|
Definition
most common soft tissue tumor
encapsulated, mature adipose tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
benign fibroblastic neoplasm
superficial or deep (desmoid) |
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Term
|
Definition
wide site distriburion, affecting smooth muscle
3/4 of women have uterine "fibroids" |
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Term
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Definition
benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor
usually cutaneous, solitary
multiple, plexiform - consider NF1 |
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Term
|
Definition
benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor
usually solitary
bilarteral tumors of vestibular division of CN VIII - diagnostic of NF2 |
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Term
|
Definition
most common soft tissue sarcoma
usually in adults
most commonly well differentiated - resemble lipomas |
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Term
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Definition
affects smooth muscle
skin, deep soft tissue, GI tract, GU tract |
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Term
|
Definition
primitive sarcoma recapitulating embryonic skeletal muscle
most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents |
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Term
| Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma |
|
Definition
usually children under 10
most often head/neck |
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Term
| Botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma |
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Definition
arise beneath mucosal epithelial surface
bladder, biliary, vagina, pharynx, conjunctiva, ear, nose |
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Term
| Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma |
|
Definition
tends to occur at an older age
extremities more than head/neck or trunk
worse prognosis - treat with chemo |
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