Term
| is heroin physically addictive? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the metabolites of cocaine? (*know these*) |
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Definition
| benzoylecgonine (inactive, seen in a couple hours), ecgonine methyl ester (inactive, less common), anhydroecgonine methyl ester (inactive, less common), and cocaethylene (active - formed in presence of cocaine and alcohol, also has a longer half life) |
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Term
| what characterizes the effects of cocaine on the CV system? |
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Definition
| HTN, vasospasm (particularly in coronary arteries), increased catecholamines, contraction band necrosis (wavy lines in myocytes), sudden death, CAD, CMP, and aortic dissection |
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Term
| what are signs of cocaine abuse? |
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Definition
| nasal septum injury, crack thumb, target injection site (pale area surrounded by contusion), crack keratitis (scratched eyes), and crack hands |
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Term
| how does cocaine (mostly crack) affect the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| local inflammation, barotrauma, and parenchymal disease |
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Term
| what neuro disorders can be caused by cocaine? |
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Definition
| psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarction, SAH, intraventricular hemorrhage, and seizures. |
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Term
| what characterizes cocaine toxicology? |
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Definition
| there is no definitive lethal level of cocaine, low system level may be lethal, and tolerance does occur |
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Term
| what metabolite is only seen w/heroin? |
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Definition
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Term
| can poppy seeds give a positive opiate urine test? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is seen w/IVDA skin lesions? |
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Definition
| fresh needle punctures, track marks (less common these days), skin popping (from subcu injections), and lymphedema of hands (if arm lymphatics get messed up) |
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Term
| what are some opiate cardiac lesions? |
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Definition
| endocarditis, myocardial fibrosis, and coronary artery disease |
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|
Term
| what are some opiate pulmonary lesions? |
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Definition
| **pulmonary edema, foreign body granulomas (due to adulterants), and infectious complications |
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|
Term
| how do opiates affect the GI? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are some opiate renal lesions? |
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Definition
| nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, **focal glomerulosclerosis, secondary amyloidosis, and necrotizing angiitis |
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Term
| what characterizes methamphetamine? |
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Definition
| this CNS stimulant can be swallowed, injected, smoked or snorted. effects may last 6-8 hrs. |
|
|
Term
| what CNS effects are associated w/methamphetamine? |
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Definition
| stroke, psychosis, restlessness, agitation, and violent behavior |
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|
Term
| what ingredients are used in meth labs? |
|
Definition
| pseudoephedrine, ephedrine and red phosphorous |
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|
Term
| what characterizes ecstasy? |
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Definition
| MDMA = psychedelic amphetamine which produces feelings of empathy or comfort. |
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Term
| what are the effects of ecstasy? |
|
Definition
| hyperthermia (malignant), hypoglycemia, dehydration, increased sex drive, impotence, and bruxism (pacifiers etc) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| gamma hydroxybutyrate - a depressant similar to etoh, may be used for date rape. OD can be life threatening. |
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