Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Passive and Active Systems
ch 7 & 9 of IBC
51
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
12/09/2011

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Passive Systems

Definition
"prevention systems"; focus on prohibiting and containing fires
Term
Fire walls
Definition
within a building structure or between buildings to create 2 or more separate buildings according to code; main purpose is to provide complete vertical separation between areas in a building, has separate foundation  and extends to roof
Term
Party Wall
Definition
type of fire wall; located on lot line and shared between two buildings
Term
3 basic types of fire rated assemblies
Definition
Fire Barriers, Horizontal Assemblies and Fire Partitions
Term
What is a Fire Barrier
Definition
walls with fire resistance rating and in most cases continuous and extends vertically from the top of a floor assembly to the bottom of a floor/ceiling assembly
Term
Fire Barriers --
Definition
continuous through concealed spaces; number of openings is limited and must be protected; doors, windows, and other penetrations in the rated assembly must be rated as well
Term
Horizontal Assemblies
Definition
floor/ceiling or ceiling/roof assemblies that are required by the codes to be rated; similar to fire barriers except horizontal; joints must be seals; openings and penetrations are limited and must be protected
Term
What is a Fire Partitions
Definition
vertical rated partition that separates certain uses within a building; separates exit access corridors, tenant spaces in malls, dwelling and/or sleeping units, elevator lobbits
Term
Fire Partitions--
Definition

-not requoired to have full enclosure

-extends structure to structure BUT allowed to stop at rated ceiling system

-number of openings NOT limited

-openings must be protected

Term
Compartmentation?
Definition
overall concept of passive fire protection systems, separation of areas in a building to control fire and smoke by the use of wall, floor and ceiling assemblies
Term
Types of compartments
Definition

fire walls, fire barriers, horizontal assemblies, fire partitions

 

-when walls, floors, and ceiling assemblies surrounding an area have the same fire resistance rating it creates a complete compartmentation (enclosure)

Term
What is a Smoke barrier?
Definition
continuos and sealed at joints and where they meet other smoke barriers, smoke/fire barriers and exterior walls
Term
Smoke partitions
Definition
lesser degree of protection from smoke; can terminate at suspended ceiling systems/sold ceilings; allowed to be penetrated by speakers, recessed lighting, diffusers; less restrictive than smoke barriers
Term
Opening protectives
Definition

rated assembly that prevents the spread of fire or smoke through an opening in a rated wall, usually door/window

-considered a type of through penetration system

Term
window assemblies
Definition
an opening protective; codes regulate size, thickness, location, types of glazing
Term
rated glazing (on window assemblies)
Definition
helps protect occupants from flame, smoke and radiant heat; assessed by ability to stay in place in event of fire, resistance to thermal shock in hose stream, strength against human contact, resistance to heat transfer to unexposed side
Term
Wired Glass
Definition
assessed by ability to stay in place, resistance to thermal shock in hose stream test, impact resistance- strength against human contact, resistance to heat transfer to unexposed side
Term
nonsafety wired glass
Definition
traditional type, wire mesh sanwiched between 2 layers of glass; distributes heat and increases strength of glass during fire, does not resist impact well, not allowed in a door or hazardous location
Term
safety wired glass
Definition
more options, laminated or film to give higher levels of impact resistance
Term
Door assemblies
Definition
opening protective, assigned fire protection rating by rating of wall in which its located
Term
3 components of a door
Definition
door, frame, hardware
Term
through penetration
Definition
opening that pierces the entire thickness of a construction assembly; wall or floor/ceiling assembly
Term
fire stops and smoke stops
Definition
required in fire, smoke barriers and horizontal assemblies; purpose is to restrict movement of fire and hot gases through openings made in the fire resistance rated walls and floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies
Term
fire stop system
Definition
installed in field
Term
fire stop device
Definition
factory built part of assembly
Term
fire stop used in smoke barrier
Definition
must act as smoke stop and pass air leakage test
Term
fire blocks
Definition
uses building materials to prevent movement of air, flame, and gases through SMALL concealed areas
Term
draftstops
Definition

uses building materials to prevent movement of air, flame, and gases through LARGE concealed areas

Term
damper systems
Definition
automatically interrupts the flow of air during an emergency so that it restricts the passage of smoke fire heat
Term
static damper system
Definition
automatically shuts down during a fire
Term
dynamic damper system
Definition
remains in operation during a fire
Term
active systems
Definition
has to be (automatically) activatrd to work against fire
Term
detection system
Definition
"initiating device" because their activation initiates the rest of the fire protection system; smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual fire alarms
Term
alarms
Definition

1.visual and audible- sound and strobe light or rotating beacon, ADA

2. emergency voice/alarm comunication systems

3. Accesible warning systems

Term
alarm notification appliance
Definition
component such as bell, horn,speaker, light or text display that provides audible, tactile or visible outputs or any combination
Term
single station alarm
Definition
alarm that only goes off where fire is detected
Term
multiple station alarm
Definition
system of alarms that is interconnected so that the indication of fire anywhere in building will sound all alarms in building
Term
Extinguishing
Definition

-fire extinguishers are intended for us by building occupants

-required within 30 feet of commercial cooking equipment, areas with flammable (combustible, liquids, buildsings under construction, near open flams, labs, computer rooms, etc)

-maximum 75 feet to get to nearest fire extinguisher

Term
Class types for Extinguishing
Definition

A-wood, trash, paper

B- gas, oil, paint

C- electrical equipment (use chemical/foam, not water)

D- combustible materils, alloys

K- kitchen, cookig oil fires, just grease (DO NOT USE WATER)

Term
stand pipes and fire hoses
Definition

Class I- trained personnel; Class II- average occupants; Class III- occupant or fire department

 

Automatic wet- most effective and reliable

automatic dry- pressurized air rather than water

manual wet- no water in pipes but is connected

manual dry- no water, no connected to water

semiautomatic dry- remote control

Term
Sprinkler Systems
Definition

wet pipe- most common, always filled with water

dry pipe- filled with air ( cold, climates, avoids freezing)

deluge- open head water system, large quantities

preaction- combo of wet/dry, activated by detection system

 

-fire sprinklers can NOT be triggered by smoke

-not all fire sprinklers are activated during a fire

- assembly, health care, hazardous, residential are usually required to have sprinkler system

Term
Types of sprinkler heads
Definition

standard spray heads- most common, used in most building uses and occupancies, can cover 225'

fast response sprinkler heads- activated by low level of heat

residential sprinkler heads- not intended to extinguish the fire, but will minimize heat build up and production of carbon monoxide

quick response- can be used in residential and commericial occupancies

Term
Alternative extinguishing systems
Definition
wet chemical, dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, halon, clean agent extinguishing materials
Term
Ratings depend on-
Definition

occupancy classificaiton

if building has sprinklers

purpose of barrier

Term
Vertical Shaft Enclosure
Definition

fire barriers used to create vertical shaft enclosures for such things as elevators, dumbwaiters and building systems

-fire rating determined by number of floors they penetrate

-wall usually continuous from bottom of building to underside of roof deck

-venting, smoke detection, stand by power

Term
Ch 7 IBC-
Definition
fire resistance rated constructions (walls/floors); identifies acceptable materials, techniques and methods in respect to building and ability to limit the impact of fire
Term
Sustainability Considerations
Definition

efficient use of materials

managements of construction waste

recycling waste

Term
Designer Considerations
Definition

-select sprinkler heads

-locate fire extinguisher and fire alarms

-coordinating location of sprinkler heads with location of light fixtures

Term
CH 9 IBC-
Definition

active fire safety provisions, directed at containing and abating the fire once it has erupted

PURPOSE: detect fire, alert occupants and fire department, control  smoke and control/extinguish fire

Term
Test Ratings
Definition
National Fire Protection (NFPA), ASTM International, Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) have established a wide variety of standard fire tests to ensure reliability and confirm manufacturers products meets specific requirements
Term
Test Publications
Definition

the most widely used publications of tested assemblies (walls, partitions, floor/ceiling systems, roof/ceiling systems, beams, girders, truss protection systems, column protection systems, door and window assemblies, vaious opening protective

-Underwriters Laborartoies (UL)- fire resistance directory

-Gypsum Association (GA)- fire resistance design manual

-Factory manual (FM)- approval guide

Supporting users have an ad free experience!