Term
| Republican identification groups |
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Definition
| business executives, Mormons, and “born-again” white Protestants are more likely to consider themselves Republican. |
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Term
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Definition
| single mothers, African Americans, and many highly educated professionals are more likely to consider themselves Democrats |
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Term
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Definition
| the social, economic, or other groups most inclined to favor that party’s candidates through good times and bad |
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Term
| At various points in US History, regional conflicts, ethnic and religious divisions, disputes between agriculture and industry, and differences in social class... |
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Definition
| have also helped form the basis for differences between the 2 parties’ coalitions. |
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Term
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Definition
| times when the weaker party has gained majority support among voters, and organizational changes produces “service parties” par that aid candidates rather than run campaigns themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| great and enduring changes in the parties’ coalitions |
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Term
| Many analysts agree that the US has experienced at least 6 different electoral era or ________ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Although some common themes run though all of these party systems, |
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Definition
| each has had a distinctive pattern of group support for the parties |
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Term
| The First Party System (~1801-1828) |
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Definition
| Emerged out of a serious conflict between opposing groups in G Washington’s administration: How much POWER should the national government exercise relative to that of the states? |
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Term
The First Party System (~1801-1828)
FEDERALISTS |
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Definition
| led by Alexander Hamilton, wanted a strong national government that would collaborate closely with business and industry to build the nation’s economy. This plan would benefit business owners and wealthier citizens concentrated in New England |
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Term
The First Party System (~1801-1828)
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS |
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Definition
| Small farmers and the less well-off, living in the southern and mid-Atlantic states. They supported T Jefferson and J Madison’s demand for states’ rights, limits on the national government’s power, and a more egalitarian vision. Called the Jeffersonians and they won the 1800 Election and enjoyed more than 2 decades of almost unchallenged dominance. |
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Term
| Second Party System (~1829-1860) |
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Definition
| developed when the one=party rule of the Democratic-Republicans could not contain all the conflicts generated by a rapidly changing nation. |
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Term
Second Party System (~1829-1860)
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS demise |
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Definition
| Party split into two factions on the major issues of the period: how the Union should expand and how to handle the question of slavery. |
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Term
Second Party System (~1829-1860)
DEMOCRATIC PARTY |
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Definition
| Led by Andrew Jackson. The faction of the Democratic-Republicans that continued the tradition of opposing the strong national government. Included the small farmers of the South and the western frontier, urban workers and their political bosses |
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Term
Second Party System (~1829-1860)
WHIG PARTY |
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Definition
| Led by JQ Adams and were more elitist and eastern faction of the Democratic-Republicans. It was just as class based as the Democrats, wealthier voters supported the Whigs and the less privileged identified as Democrats. They fractured mostly over the issue of slavery at the end of this period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antislavery party that quickly gained support after its founding in 1854. It replaced the Whigs and became the main opposition to the Democrats. Its rapid rise signaled the end of the second party system. |
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Term
| Third Party System (1861-1896) |
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Definition
| War and Reconstruction divided the nation roughly along geographic lines: The South became a Democratic bastion after white southerners were permitted to return to the polls in 1876, and the Northeast and Midwest remained a reliable base for the Republicans. |
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Term
| Competition was so intense that the Third Party System period contained two of the four elections in American History in which... |
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Definition
| the winner of the popular vote for President lost the vote in the Electoral College. |
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Term
Third Party System (1861-1896)
Major Divisions |
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Definition
| Democrats vs Republicans. Economic issies, and especially attitudes toward the growth of huge industrial monopolies, were closely linked with the regional divisions between the parties. |
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Term
| Fourth Party System (~1897-1932) |
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Definition
| reflected both regional and economic interests as well. It pitted the eastern business community (Republican) against the western and southern rural “periphery,” with the South even more Democratic than before. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shock of the Great Depression of 1929 and the subsequent election of FDR produced the fifth, or New Deal, party system |
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Term
| Fourth Party System (~1897-1932) |
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Definition
| Long domination by the Republicans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Social Security, wages and hours laws, and protection for labor unions. These strengthened the Democrat’s image as the party of the disadvantaged. |
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Term
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Definition
| By 1936, the new Democratic majority Party had become a grand New Deal coalition of the less privileged minorities plus the South, where the Democratic loyalty imprinted by the Civil War. |
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Term
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Definition
| By 1936, the new Democratic majority Party had become a grand New Deal coalition of the less privileged minorities plus the South, where the Democratic loyalty imprinted by the Civil War. |
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Term
| Most democratic party systems reflect divisions along social class lines, |
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Definition
| even if those divisions may have softened over the years. |
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Term
| James Madison wrote in the Federalist Papers that... |
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Definition
| economic differences are the most common source of factions. |
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Term
| Socioeconomic Status (SES) |
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Definition
| is still clearly related to people’s partisanship. |
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Term
| Those with very limited education are even more likely to... |
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Definition
| call themselves Democrats than lower-income people are. |
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Term
| Especially in congressional elections, Democrats are... |
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Definition
| more likely to win in lower-income districts now than they were 20 years ago |
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Term
| As a larger proportion of Americans from a wider variety of backgrounds has attended college, |
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Definition
| voters with a college degree have become somewhat less Republican. |
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Term
| Because SES divisions between the GOP and Democrats can be fuzzy, |
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Definition
| the parties do not usually promote blatantly class-based appeals; they try to attract voters from a variety of social groups. |
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Term
| DIfferent sections of the country have often had... |
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Definition
| differing political interests. |
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Term
| The 11 states of the former Confederacy cast all their electoral voters for... |
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Definition
| Democratic presidential candidates in every election from 1880-1924, except for Tennessee’s defection in 1920. |
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Term
| The civil rights movement was the... |
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Definition
| opening wedge in the slow process that separated the South from its Democratic loyalties. |
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Term
| Democrats typically have more support among ______ _______ than Republican do, especially in recent years |
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Definition
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Term
| In the early days of the New Deal, |
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Definition
| Catholics and Jews were among the most loyal supporters of the Democratic Party, although Catholic support for Dems has declined in recent years |
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Term
| Voters who consider themselves very religious are now... |
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Definition
| substantially more Republican than Democratic |
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Term
| A century age, The Republican Party, which was founded to abolish slavery, |
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Definition
| was associated with racial equality in the minds of both black and white Americans. With the New Deal, the partisan direction of racial politics turned 180 degrees. |
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Term
| Party that is now viewed as standing for racial equality? |
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Definition
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Term
| The last Democratic presidential candidate to win a majority of the voters of whites was... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are now the nation’s largest minority group |
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Term
| Most latino voters are.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Conservative and vote Republican |
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Term
| Women support Democrats to a ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Women express _____ support for social programs and ______ support for defense spending than men do. |
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Definition
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Term
| Democratic Party emphasizes health care, education, and other social programs whereas |
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Definition
| the Republicans put a priority on tax cuts and military strength. |
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Term
| Over time, Republican Party leaders and activists started incorporating... |
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Definition
| stands against abortion, same-sex marriage, and stem cell research into their platform and faith-based initiatives into their rhetoric. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The two parties in the electorate are impressively _________ in their attitudes toward some major issues. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parties take positions on issues to maintain the support of the groups in their existing coalition... |
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Definition
| Sometimes party leaders use issue positions to draw members of other social groups to the party, as both parties are now doing to win the support of Latino voters. |
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Term
| Now, the party organization do not expect to anoint candidates, run their campaigns, or hand out patronage jobs... |
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Definition
| Rather the party organizations work primarily to help fund and support campaigns that are run by candidates and their paid consultants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Until 1952, the elections of the New Deal Party system has usually been maintaining elections, in which the presidential candidate of the majority party normally won. |
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Term
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Definition
| Since 1952, most national elections have been deviating elections, those in which short-term forces such as candidate characteristics or issues are powerful enough to cause the defeat of the majority party’s candidate. |
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Term
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Definition
| restored southern blacks’ right to vote, their overwhelmingly Democratic voting patterns led the national Democratic Party to become even more liberal on race and related issues. |
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Term
| The Sixth and Current Party System |
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Definition
| The Democrats moved from an acceptance of segregation n the South to a commitment to use government as the means to secure rights for black Americans. The Republicans reacted against the big-government programs of the New Deal with a stand in favor of states’ rights and small government. |
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Term
| The Democratic Party’s loss was the Republican Party’s gain; |
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Definition
| southern whites had increased from a mere 8 % in the 1950s to almost a third of the Republican Party in the electorate in the 2000s. |
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Term
| Religiously observant whites have become... |
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Definition
| the largest single group of Republican supporters |
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Term
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Definition
| decline in party loyalties. |
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Term
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Definition
| For the first time in 50 years, young voters were more likely to call themselves Republicans than Democrats. |
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Term
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Definition
| a significant and enduring change in the patterns of group support for the parties, usually (but not always) leading to a new majority party. |
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Term
| Southern whites have provided the critical mass for their new party, the Republicans, |
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Definition
| to adopt more socially conservative positions on health care, abortion, women’s rights, aid for inner cities, and support for private schools. |
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Term
| Although Republican strength increased until recently, |
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Definition
| Democrats still hold the edge among party identifiers. |
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