は

wa

私は学生です

The character ha is pronounced as wa when it is marking the topic of a sentence

I (topic) student is.

or

As for me, I am a student.

が

私は音楽が好きです。

Ga is another topic marker that in this case show emphesis on a topic 

I (topic) music (topic to be focused on) like.

or

I like music.

___があります。

___がいます。

庭があります。

犬がいます。

Ga in this cause will let you know there is ___ object or ___person or animal.

There is a garden.

There is a dog.

に行きます

に来ます

に帰ります

ni in this case is "to" as in

to go

to come

to return

～時に

５時に晩御飯を食べます。

Ni can also represent a specific time to do something such as 

At 5:00 I eat dinner

で

家で晩御飯を食べます。

This de means "at" some place doing some thing

Home (at) eat dinner

or

At home I will eat dinner

で

車できました。

This de means "by the means of or by the method of this I did this____"

Car (method) came.

or

I came by car.

(also can be use with things you use such as fork, spoon, pen, etc.)

の

これは私の本です。

No, after a noun makes the noun after no seem as if it belongs to the first noun. 

This is I (own) book.

or

This is my book.

も

みちこさんはがくせいです。

わたしもがくせいです。

Mo means also

Michiko (topic) student is

I (also) student is.

or

Michiko is a student.

I am also a student.

と

お母さんとお父さんはびーちに行きました。

to means and.

Mother and father went to the beach