Term
True or False
Direct calorimetry uses a large chamber to measure heat production by the body by recording temperature change in the air entering and leaving the calorimetry and in the water flowing through its walls. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indirect calorimetry measures ______________ by measuring the respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2.
A) lung capacity
B) total body energy expenditures
C) cardiovascular endurance and aerobic fitness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory Exchange Rate (RER) is the ratio of CO2 ________________ and the O2 _____________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ = VCO2/VO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measure of energy expenditure when the body is at rest in the supine position. |
|
Definition
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) |
|
|
Term
True or False
BMR should be measured after at least 8 hours of sleep and at least 12 hours of fasting. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 factors that can affect BMR. |
|
Definition
1. Gender
2. Age
3. Body temperature
4. Hormones |
|
|
Term
| _____________________is the maximal capacity for oxygen consumption by the body during maximum exertion. It is the best measure of cardiovascular endurance and aerobic fitness. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________________is the difference between the oxygen required for a given exercise intensity and the actual oxygen consumption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False VO2 max decreases .5% per year in active people age 25-30. |
|
Definition
| False VO2 max decreases 1% per year in active people age 25-30. |
|
|
Term
| What is the best measure of cardiovascular endurance and aerobic fitness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maximal oxygen uptake refers to the maximal capacity for oxygen consumption by the body during _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does EPOC stand for? |
|
Definition
| Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption |
|
|
Term
| _______________________ consumption is the measure of increased oxygen consumption after exercise or strenuous activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Factors responsible for __________________ are:
- Rebuilding depleted ATP and PCr supplies
- Clearing lactate produced by anaerobic metabolism
- Replenishing O2 supplies borrowed from hemoglobin and myoglobin
- Removing CO2 that has accumulated in the body tissues
- Increased metabolic and respiratory rates due to increase body temperatures
|
|
Definition
| Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) |
|
|
Term
| Lactate threshold is defined as the point at which _____________________ begins to substantially accumulate above resting concentrations during exercise of increasing intensity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What activities can people participate in to change their VO2 max? |
|
Definition
| Endurance activities, such as running or cycling. |
|
|
Term
| What is lactate threshold a good predictor of? |
|
Definition
| Lactate threshold is a good predator of an athletes pace in endurance events. |
|
|
Term
What factors will increase success in an endurance race?
A) High VO2 Max
B) High economy of effort, or a low VO2 for a given absolute exercise intensity
C) High percentage of type II muscle fibers.
D) A & B
E) All of the above
F) Non of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Factors associated with__________________ are:
- Accumulation of metabolic by-products, such as lactate and H+
- Energy delivery (ATP-PRc, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidation).
- Failure of the muscle fiber’s contractile mechanism Alteration in the nervous system.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Doubly labeled water would be used to accurately gauge total energy levels. |
|
Definition
False
Doubly labeled water would be used to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE). |
|
|
Term
Total Energy Expenditure has three components they are:
A) BMR, RER, EPOC
B) PA, BMR, RER
C) TEF, BMR, PA
D) EPOC, PA, TEF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Excess body fat impairs performance in all sports. |
|
Definition
False
Excess body fat impairs performance in almost all sports; with the exception of sumo wrestling, swimming and weight lifting. |
|
|
Term
| The ________________ methods of body composition are hydrostatic weighing, DEXA, and Bod Pod. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two methods used to assess body composition directly. |
|
Definition
| Skin-fold Bioelectrical impedance |
|
|
Term
What is the maximum amount of fat an individual should lose per week?
A) 3%
B) 5%
C) 1%
D) 2% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False For optimal performance an athlete macronutrient intake should be:
- Carbohydrate - 55-60%
- Protein - no more than 35%
- Fat - 10-15%
|
|
Definition
| False Macronutrient intake should be: Carbohydrate – 55-60% Fat – no more than 35% Protein – 10-15% |
|
|
Term
| How much protein do individuals need to consume each day? |
|
Definition
Strength training athletes -- 1.6-1.7 g/kg per day
Endurance athletes -- 1.2-1.4 g/kg per day |
|
|
Term
True or False
Water lose levels off during exercise primarily due to increased sweating. |
|
Definition
False
Water lose accelerates during exercise primarily due to increased sweating. |
|
|
Term
The amount of sweat produced during exercise is determined by: 1.________________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________ |
|
Definition
- Environmental temperature
- Body size
- Metabolic rate
|
|
|
Term
Heart rate and body temperature ________________________ in response to dehydration.
A) increase
B) decrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________________ is when serum Na+ concentrations drop below the normal range of 135-145 mmol/L. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Hyponatremia could lead to coma and/or death. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tracer techniques involve infusing isotopes into an individual and then following their distribution and ___________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The rate at which the isotopes leave the body can be determined by analysis of their presence in:
A) Urine
B) Saliva
C) Blood samples
D) All of the above
E) A & B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When recovering from an intense workout session, what is the optimal macronutrient, to aid in recovery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rates of glycogen resynthesis are very ___________ during the first 2 hours of recovery from an intense workout.
A) high
B) low |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What system help muscle maintain pH levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
