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Parkinsonism and alzheimer's disease
chapter 22
19
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 4
09/24/2009

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Term
what is parkinsons
Definition
an imbalance of dopamine
Term
what does the dopamine difeciency lead to?
Definition
temors
Term
what are some of the characteristics of parkinsons?
Definition
Tremors of head and neck
Rigidity (increased muscle tone)
Bradykinesia (slow movement)
Postural changes
Head and chest thrown forward
Shuffling walk
Lack of facial expression
Pill-rolling motion of hands
Term
What are the drugs used for parkinsons?
Definition
anticholernergics, dopaminergics, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, and COMT inhibitors
Term
what are side affects of anticholinergics?
Definition
dry mouth.....
Term
what do the anticholinergics do?
Definition
they block cholinergic receoptors
Term
what do dopaminergics do?
Definition
covert to dopamine
Term
what are some of the anticholinergics that are used?
Definition
benztropine (cogentin) and trihexyphenidyl HCL (artane)
Term
what is a dopaminergics drugs?
Definition
carbidopa-levodopa (sinemet)
Term
what do dopaminergics do?
Definition
it increases mobility
Term
what are the side effects of dopaminergic drugs?
Definition
Fatigue, insomnia, dry mouth, blurred vision
Orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, dysrhythmias
Urinary retention, nausea, vomiting
Dyskinesia, psychosis, severe depression
Term
what drugs decrease levodopa effects?
Definition
Fatigue, insomnia, dry mouth, blurred vision
Orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, dysrhythmias
Urinary retention, nausea, vomiting
Dyskinesia, psychosis, severe depression
Term

what is a dopamine agonists?

Definition
amantadine (symmetrel)
Term
what does amantadine (symmetrel) do?
Definition
it stimulates dopamine receptors
Term
What is the pathospysiology of alzheimer's disease?
Definition
Progressive, degenerative disease
Neuritic plaques form
Neurofibrillary tangles are in neurons
Cholinergic neurotransmitter abnormality
Term
what are some of the characteristics of Alzheirmers?
Definition
Loss of memory, logical thinking, judgment
Time disorientation
Personality changes
Hyperactivity
Tendency to wander
Inability to express oneself
Term
what are some of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
Definition
donepril (aricept) and Rivastigmine (exelon)
Term
what do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors do?
Definition
they allow more acetylcholine in neuron receptors
Term
what are some of the side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
Definition
Headache, dizziness
Depression
GI distress
Dehydration, dry mouth
Blurred vision
Insomnia
Hypertension, hypotension, dysrhythmias
Hepatotoxicity
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