asexual reproduction by multiple fissions

nucleus and organelles divide multiple times before cytokinesis

resting or resistance state

cell wall is excreted

contain flagella and kinetoplast (large mitochondria at base of flagella near nucleus, contains DNA)

undulating membrane at certain stages

Four stages

Amastigote- replication stage, usually causes damage, in tissue, no flagella

Promastigote- transitionary stage, cell elongates and contains flagella, no undulating membrane, usually in vector

Epimastigote- usually in vector, undulating membrane, 

Trypomastigote

Trypomastigote- undulating membrane, in blood stream or vector

stercicorial

3 life cycles (Sylvatic- in wild, domestic- in humans, peridomestic- animals in contact with humans)

amastigote in muscle tissue

mastigote in blood

reproduce as asastigotes

Trypanosoma brucei brucei- cause nagana in domestic animals

T. brucei rhodesiense- East Africa, fastest replicating, most fatal

T. brucei gambiense- West Africa, sleeping sickness

carried by tetse fly, salivarial

more undulating flagella than T. cruzi

symptoms take two weeks

replicate within blood

trypomastigote

at times, epimastigote in vector

vectored by sandfly (Phlebotomus)

infects bone marrow and macrophages

In Phlebotomus, amastigote -> promastigote

In macrophage, and promastigote-> amastigote

multiplies as amastigote in wbc

cyst and trophozoite forms look different

one to four flagella

flagellated parasite which infects cattle

veneral transmission (direct contact)

males can not kill infection

human parasite

transmitted venerally