IgA

immunoglobulin A antigen

- dimer, more binding sites, two molecules linked together

- more resistant to proteolytic degredation

- antibody secreted by liver, found at mucosal surfaces (intestines/gut)

active feeding stage of protozoa parasite

            - 2 nuclei, both transcriptionally active

Cyst

– environmentally resistant stage of organism

- dormant stage of parasite

Duodenum 

first section of small intestine,

            - most giardia found here

Peyers patches 

stimulate and direct immune rsponsse against giardia infection

-       portion of intestinal tract regional lymph nodes organ centers in intestinal epiphillium,

-       separates ileum from duodenum and jejunum

M cells

macrophage like cells lining GI tract that help immunity against giardi

organelle derived from mitochondrian, found in unicellular eukaryotic cells with no mitochondrian

- Organisms respire anaerobically bc it lives in gut

string attached to capsule, human swallows capsule and lets it sit in            gut for 30 min, pull up capsule by string, test if giardia present on capsule

C^.t’ value 

measure how well agent can deactivate majority of organisms

            - concentration x time (min.)

            - required concentration and time of deactivation agent need to kill certain   concentration of organisms

            - high CT value = need lot of disinfect agent and/or time in order to kill organism

Axenic cultivation 

growing organism without any other organsims present

            - no contaminants

Contact-dependent cytotoxicity

– depends on contact for cell killing to           occur

-       parasite has to contact cell, then cell can release cysteine protease enzyme

-       spectrinase enzyme breaks down cell surface architecture, breaks down spectrum membrane that holds cell membrane together