Term
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Definition
affects 10% of world population. Causes ameobic Dysentery. (fine peripheral ring fo chromatin establishes it from e.coli)Establishes in the Colon, rectum, sometimes small intestines, while making its way into the liver (secondary abscess), lungs and brain. (multiply until liver is destroyed) The ulcers are flask shaped.
Entamoeba Histolytica |
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Term
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Definition
Idodamoba Beutschlii
Non- pathogenic
Cyst: Oblong with only one nucleus, very large glycogen vacoule that stains deep blue with iodine.
Trophozite: Many acoules in cytoplasm, large endosome, chomatine garnules surrounding the endosome
Trophozite in large intestine, cyst in feces, ingestion, trophozite in large intestine, etc.
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Definition
Endolimax nana
Non-pathogenic
Cyst: 4 nuclei at maturity
Trophozite: small central endosome, often broken and has clear area surrounding it. No peripheral chromatin! (T-Shaped) |
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Definition
Entamoeba Coli
Non-pathogenic
Cyst: Chromatoidal bars w/splintered ends. The mature cyst hae 8 nuclei. USUALLY no chromatoidal bars.
Trophozites: Larger than E.Histolytica and characterized by grandular unevenly distributed peripheral chormatin in nucleus and eccentric placement of endosome. |
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Term
| How does entamoba Gingivalis differ from other species |
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Definition
| No cysts! obtained from direct contact though kissing or directly via trophozite contaminated food. |
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Definition
Naegleria Floweri
Rare, but devastating, still freshwater, behaves as a faculatative parasite, BRAIN EATING parasite
Infection: trophozites invade the nasopharigeal mucosa from the water. It travels through the nervous system ia the cribiiform plate to the brain where inflammation occurs and death ensures. NO CYST STAGE IN HUMAN BODY
Life cycle:
cyst in bottom mud -- trophozoite in bottom mud -- biflagellated cell (infective stage) -- inhaled into nasal cavity -- trophozoite in nasal cavity -- migrates along olfactory nerve -- trophozoite in brain |
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Term
| All flagellates and cilliates live in which place in the body? |
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Definition
| The hollow space in the intestine, (Lumen) |
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Definition
Giardia Lambia
Lives in small intestine where the trophozoite attaches to the intestinal lining with adhesive discs
mal-absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins and diarrhea
Cyst: 4 flagella and 4 nuclei
Trophozite: Flagella (which number 8) are not visible in these photographs, although axonemes (A) can be seen in the cytoplasm of some cells
as dark lines.
LIFE CYCLE:
trophozoite in small intestine -- cyst in stools -- ingeste d -- trophozoite in small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
Chilomastix Mesnili
NON-PATHOGENIC
Lives in the large intestine of humans, in the lumen
3 anterior flagella, 4th associated with the cytostome. No axostyle or undulating membrane. LEMON-shaped, uni-nucleate cyst transmits the organism. |
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Definition
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Lives in the human female and male reproductive tract
no cysts!
Sexual transmission, multiplies through binary fission.
has the undulating membrane, costa, 1 posterior flagellum, granules along the axostyle common, a posterior axostyle, a nucleus near the anterior position, 4 anterior flagella. |
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Term
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Definition
Dientamoeba Fragilis
NO CYSTS
found in large intestine, no cysts are formed, small, broken clumped karosome of the nucleus.
Infection that is emerging from obscurity
Binucleate and uninucleate forms
Life cycle:
trophozoite in large intestine -- (infects pinworm? -- trophozoite in pinworm eggs) (possibly) -- egg ingested -- trophozoite in large intestine
via fecal-oral route) |
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Term
| What distinugishes organisms in the phylum ciliophora? |
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Definition
| Posession of cilia as locomotor and food acquisition organelles. 2 nuclei, which are the macronucleus (somatic function) and the micronucleus (controls reproductive function)They are free living and encystment is common. |
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Term
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Definition
Balantidium Coli
only ciliate parasite of humans
found in cecum and ascending colon
contains a cytosome, or mount with vestibulum sorrounded by longer cilia which propel food into it.
2 contractile vacoules in cytoplasm (osmoregulatory)
2 nuclei, macro (large and kindey shaped) and micro
cytopyge (terminal end organelle(= evacuate undigested food residues
pigs and humans, commensal, but invasion of the intestinal mucosa can occur. Invasive trophozites may e found in the submucosa causing extensive ulceration and sloughing of epithelium. Dysentry occurs in severe cases. NO INVOLVEMENT OF VISCERA.
LIFE CYCLE:
trophozoite in large intestine -- cyst in feces -- ingested -- trophozoite in large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
Label each of the following:
kinetoplast
Nucleus
what each one represents |
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Term
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Definition
Trypansoma Brucei Rhondesiense
Trypansoma Brucei Gambiense
Rhondesiense: Acute or east african sleeping disease, kills
Gambiense: west chronic african sleeping sickness
host cells surround capillaries which is known as perivascular cuffing
Life cycle:
trypomastigotes in blood (multiplication stage, binary fission) -- ingested by tsetse fly -- Procyclic trypomastigots in tsetse fly hindgut-- turns into epimastigotes and dividing epimastigotes in fly gut -- metacyclic trypomastigotes in fly saliva -- fly blood meal -- trypomastigotes in blood |
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Definition
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Definition
Trypansoma Cruzi
Causes chagas disease
C-shape and large kinetoplast (how it's different from T.Brucei)
Triatomine bug transmits this disease (kissing bug)
Life cycle:
intracellular amastigotes (dividing in infected tissue) -- burst cell -- trypomastigotes in blood (nondividing) -- re - invade cell or ingested by kissing bug -- dividing epimastigotes in bug gut -- metacyclic trypomastigotes in bug feces (infective to humans!) -- rubbed into bite wound or eye -- intracellular amastigotes |
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Term
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Definition
| Kissing bug, Triatoma gerstaeckeri |
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Term
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Definition
Leishmania donovani
infection=leishmaniasis
2 distinct forms= promastigote is a tpical flagellate, flagellum arises from kinetosome, promastigotes are transmitted by intermediate host, include the SANDFLY phlebotomus and Lutzomyia
other form- amastigote (L-D bodies) ovoid, no flagella, only nucleus and kinetoplast visible. Can be found in phagocytic reticuleondothelial cells of the definitive host.
Life cycle:
dividing amastigotes in macrophage -- burst macrophage -- free amastigotes -- re-phagocytosed or ingested by fly -- dividing promastigotes in fly gut -- injected into bite wound, phagocytosed -- dividing amastigotes in macrophage |
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Term
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Definition
Toxoplasma Gondii
sexual reproduction occurs in cat (transmits through fecal oocytes)
thought to cause schizo
Humans become infected through:
uncooked meat
cat feces contaminated water
blood tranfusions
transplacentally mother --> child |
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Term
| Name the 4 types of malaria causing parasites and the level of diseases it causes |
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Definition
Plasmodium Falciparium: deadly form of malaria
Plasmodium Ovule: Benign tertian
Plasmodium Vivax: Benign tertian
Plasmodium Malariae:
lowest form of malaria, fever spikes every 3 days. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Gametogony and progeny occur in mosquito
Microgametes are released during exflagellation (in the anopheles mosquito (vector)) and fuse with macrogametocytes to form zygote. Zygote deelops into a motile ookinete which penetrates the gut wall. Young oocyst develops an dundergoes sporogeny (asexual stage resulting in formation of sporozites), migrate to saliary gland and are injected into human blood stream.
vector, definitive host= anepheles mosquito
infective at gametocytes
human host- intermediate definitive host; sporozite
picture is in RING STAGE TROPHOZITE STAGE |
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Term
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Definition
TICK! hematophogus(bloodfeeding) ectoparasites
8 legs, anterior capitulum (head and mouthparts) posterior idiosoma (legs, digestive tract, reproductive organs)
genus: Dermacentor
questing: hold on to a substrate with its 3rd or 4th pairs of legs and stretches out the other pairs of legs. Jumps on host when host passes by.
life cycle:
gravid female lays eggs in eniroment
eggs hatch into 6- legged larvae
larvae remain on host and become adults after 2 molts
female leaps off the host to lay eggs
what diseases?
amblyomma
dermacentor
hyalomma
ixodes
rhipecephalus
ornithodoros
cairos |
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Term
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Definition
LICE!
Phtirus Pubis (pubic lice)(crabs)
Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice)
life cycle:
egg --> first nymph --> second nymph --> third nymph --> adult
no diseases spread by lice |
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Term
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Definition
Pulex irritans human flea
Life cycle:
eggs shed by female into enviroment
eggs hatch into larvae
larvae form pupae
adult hatch from pupae
spreads to cats, dogs, hamsters, and humans
female lays eggs again
diseases:
bartonella hegselae --> cat scratch disease
Rickettsia Felis --> feline richenttesiae
ernia pestis --> plague |
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Term
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Definition
Mites
Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (scabies mite)
Scabies:
adult female deposits eggs as they burrow
eggs hatch, realse larae
larvae molt into numphs, found in shaft burrow, called molting pouches
molting occurs when male penetrates molting pouch of female
cycle starts again
life cycle:
egg
larvae
protonymph
deuteronymph
adult
Diseases:
scabies
richettscalpox
hay feer, asthma, eczema |
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Term
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Definition
Cimex Lectularius
BED BUG
no transmission of diseases
lifecycle:
eggs
first numphal instar
2nd nymphal instar
3rd nymphal instar
4th nymphal instar
5th nymphal instar
adult
symptoms:
rash, inflammatory bug bites |
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