Term
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Definition
Only in chickens, causes bloody cecum. High morbidity, high mortality.
Niche: ceca.
Host defenses: shed cells, fecal express, macrophages
Infective: sporulated oocysts in feed or water
Sporogony occurs OUTSIDE of host |
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Term
| Isopora belli (aka - Cystoisospora belli) |
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Definition
Only Isopora in humans, located in tropics.
Causes severe diarrhea, fever, cramps.
Bad in immunocomp (can go extraintestinal)
Niche: small intestine, host must consume SPORULATED oocyst
Dx: Oocysts in fecal sample
Rx: Septra |
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Term
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Definition
| "Emerging" - fairly new, 1990 in USA Niche: Small intestine (jejunum) Explosive, watery diarrhea, cramping, possible vomiting, alternates with constipation, self-limiting. Sources: Contaminated food (raspberries, strawberries, meclun lettuce, basil) and water. Sporogony outside host. Oocysts small with 2 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites each (4 total). Hard to see in unstained fecal matter, easier to see with acid-fast stain (will be reddish) Dx: Microscopy of acid-fast stained fecal smear Rx: Septra |
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Term
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Definition
Worldwide zoonosis of vertebrates. At risk; immunocomp (infants, elderly). Direct life cycle.
Sporulated oocyst ingested, sporozoites released in sm. intestine & attach to epithelial cells (create unique extracytoplasmic "intracellular environment"), merogony --> gametogony. Make thick and thin walled oocysts (thick pass, thin rupture and reinfect). Internal sporogony. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting. 10-12 days.
Transmission: Water, food-borne, day care center, lab techs.
Dx: Acid-fast stain of fecal sample, oocysts larger than Cayetanensis. ELISA kits
Rx: Anilia (not for immunocomp). Immunity develops. |
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Term
| Diarrhea of more than two weeks? |
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Definition
| Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia. |
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Term
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Definition
DOC: Spiramycin (fetal toxo)
For Immunocom: Daraprim, folic acid antagonists |
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Term
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Definition
Assume falciparum until proven otherwise;
Treat immediately with Atovaquone and Proguanil, Mefloquine. If severe, Quinine with doxycycline or clindamycin.
If not falciparum, you can use chloroquine. |
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Term
| Babesia vectors. B. bigemina, B. microti, B. divergens, B. canis |
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Definition
Bigemina: Boophilus annulatus
Microti: Ixodes scapularis (also carries Brrelia burghdorfi -- lyme disease)
Divergens: Ixodes ricinus
Canis: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis |
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Term
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Definition
Urinary bladder veins = niche
Terminal spine on egg
Snail host: Bulinus sp. |
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Term
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Definition
Inferior mesenteric veins (large intestine)
Eggs with lateral spine
Intestine and liver disease
Snail: Biomphalaria sp |
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Term
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Definition
Superior mesenteric veins (small intestine)
least host specific (zoonosis, has reservoirs in cattle and water buffalo)
Intestine and liver disease
Eggs: rudimentary/no spine
Snail: Oncomelania |
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