transmission via CYST

has 4 nuclei

Causes: dysentary, liver abscesses

Transmitted by cyst (4 nuclei)

Disease caused by trophozoite (2 nuclei)

Causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence

flagellated, unicellular

Trophozoite ONLY

STD

DX: wet mount

Transmission: sandfly + promastigote

amastigote causes disease

mucocutaneous form

Transmission: sandfly + promastigote

amastigote causes disease

Visceral form

invades liver and spleen --> death in 1-2 yrs

Transmission: sandfly + promastigote

amastigote causes disease

Cutaneous form

African Sleping Sickness

West Africa

Transmission: tsetse fly + trypomastigotes

causes: lymphadenopathy, relapsing fever, nervous system changes (chronic, amastigotes)

African Sleeping Sickness

East African-ungulates, more severe

Transmission: tsetse fly + trypomastigotes

disease: myocarditis, lympahdenopathy, relapsing fever, nervous system changes (chronic, amastigote)

Central and S. America

Transmission: Reduviid bug feces

Trypomastigotes in macrophages

amastigotes in cells

causes: Romana's sign, lympahdenopathy, megasyndrome

Trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas Disease

Transmission: oocyst in water or fecal-oral

enterocolitis caused by trophozoites

can be asymptomatic or cause non-bloody diarrhea

is acid fast

Transmission: oocysts in water/contaminated food

causes: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea

DX: variable acid-fast and UV fluorescence

Transmission: oocysts in cat feces or undercooked meat with bradyzoites

causes: fever, chills, lymphadenitis; if transplacental --> abortion, developmental defects

Transmission: Anopheles mosquito

Causes: cycle of chills, fever, night sweats

See Schuffner dots, prefers young RBCs

Hypnozoites dormant in liver

Transmission: Anopheles mosquito

Quartan fever/chill cycle

Prefers old RBCs

see band trophozoites on smear

Transmission: Tick

Tetrad form in blood

Causes: headache, chills, fever may cause anemia or renal failure

Transmission: hand to mouth

causes: perianal itching

DX: Scotch tape test

Enterobius vermicularis

aka Pinworm

Transmission: ingestion/inhalation of eggs

causes: malnutrition, GI obstruction

The most common worm infection, 1 billion people

creamy white/pinkish color

Ascaris lumbricoides

(large intestinal roundworm)

Transmision: direct skin penetration --> migrate to lungs --> cough and swallow

causes: allergy, pneumonitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia

necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale

aka Hookworms

Transmission: direct skin penetration --> lung --> cough and swallow --> autoinfection

larvae can be free-living

in immunocompromised: secondary bacterial infection, sepsis, menigitis, multiple organ involv.

Stronglyoides stercoralis

aka Threadworm

Transmission: ingestion of undercooked pork containing encysted larvae

causes: fever, GI distress, eosinophilia

find cysts in host's eye, tongue, muscles

Transmission: worms penetrate skin

intermediate host: Snail

causes: hepatosplenomegaly, ascites

Schistosoma

mansoni/japonicum --> intestinal

haematobium --> bladder

Transmission: pork contaminated with larval worm

has scolex, proglottids (chain = stroblia)

causes: tissue cysts, brain cysts

Transmission: beef contaminated with larvae

mostly asymptomatic, may see proglottid in feces if worm gets big

amoeba that lives in freshwater lakes

causes rapidly fatal meningitis

amoeba that lives in fresh water lakes

can cause chronic, granulomatous brain infection or corneal infection in contact lense wearers