Taenia Scolex

4 suckers

scolex w/ hooks

Taenia Mature Proglottid

Structures include:

-Excretory canals

-Anterior testes

-Ovaries

-Cirrus

-Post ovarian vittelaria

-Vagina

-Tubular uterus

Taenia Gravid Proglottid

Highly branched egg-filled uterus

Taenia Cysticercus

Fluid filled bladder w/ invaginated scolex

Eggs-->Oncoshpere-->Cysticercus-->Adult

Terrestrial life cycle

Echinococcus granulosus scolex

Structures to recognize:

-4 suckers

-Armed rostellum w/ a Double crown of hooks

Echinococcus granulosus

Asexual stages in life cycle differs from Taenia

Immature, Mature & Gravid proglottids

Echinococcus granulosus proglottids

Mature on left, Gravid on right

Echinococcus granulosus hydatid sand

Notice scolex hooklets visible w/in protoscolex

Eggs-->Oncosphere-->Hydatid w/ protoscolex-->Adults

Hymenolepis diminuta scolex

Zone of proliferation (unsegmented) and

Immature proglottid also shown on right

Scolex w/ 4 suckers

UNARMED rostellum

Hymenolepis diminuta mature proglottid

Structures:

-Irregular Ovary

-Compact vittelaria

-Seminal receptacle

-Three testes

-Cirrus

Hymenolepis diminuta gravid proglottid

Segmentation w/o structures, just eggs

Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoid

Eggs-->Oncosphere-->Cysticercoid-->Maturity

Dipylidium caninum scolex

4 Suckers

RETRACTABLE rostellum

Dipylidium caninum mature proglottid

Structures:

-2 complete sets of M&F reproductive structures

-Numerous testes

-Ovaries

-Post ovarian vittelaria

-Vagina below cirrus pouch

Dipylidium caninum gravid proglottid

Uterus made up of 'egg capsules'

Eggs-->Oncosphere-->Cysticercoid-->Maturity

Moniezia expansa scolex

4 suckers

NO rostellum

Moniezia expansa

Similar to Dipylidium that it has 2 lateral openings & 2 sets of reprodctive organs on each proglottid 

Wide relative to length

Neoechinorynchus Female posterior (left)

Structures:

-Uterine bell

-Uterus

-Vagina

-Ovarian balls

-Eggs w/in pseudocoelom

Thorny proboscis & Lemnisci on right

Neoechinorynchus Male posterior (left)

Structures:

-Two testes

-Cement gland

-Cement reservoir

-Copulatory bursa

-Saefftigen's pouch 

Thorny proboscis on right

Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli

Structures:

-Bulbous appears out of proboscis after penetration

-5 cement glands

-cement reservoir

Trichuris egg (whipworm)

All inside egg: L1->L2->infective L3->

Hatch: L4->Adult lives in cecum

DIRECT 

Trichuris Female (whipworm)

Structures:

-Vulva

-Uterus containing eggs

-Anterior stichosome esophagus w/ mouth lacking lips

Trichuris Male Posterior (whipworm)

Structures:

-Spicule at posterior end

-Anterior stichosome esophagus w/ mouth lacking lips

Trichinella spiralis nurse cell

-Infective L1 stage

-A single host can be its definitive AND intermediate host

Enterobius vermicularis bulbed esophagus

(pinworm)

Pair of cephalic alae

Note the mouth with 3 lips

DIRECT LIFE CYCLE

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Structures:

-Sharp posterior end

-Vulva @ midpoint of body

-Packed full of eggs

DIRECT LIFE CYCLE

Enterobius vermicularis Male (pinworm)

Structures:

-Bulbed esophagus!

-Curved posterior

-Spicule 

DIRECT LIFE CYCLE

Necator americanus copulatory bursa MALE

(muscular bursal rays)

Functions to envelope the vulva of the female to ensure sperm transfer

Necator amaricanus Female

-Vulva

In MALE:

two FUSED spicules tipped w/ a barb

Ancylostoma duodenale teeth

*Body cavity is more lightly stained than Necator*

Ascaris lumbricoides eggs

Note the yellow color from bile

Note lumpy outer shell

J2 INFECTIVE LARVAE

Ascaris lumbricoides cross section

Structures:

-Muscle cell

-Cuticle

-Ovary

-Egg

-Uterus

-Intestinal lumen

-Pseudocoelom

Dirofilaria immitus

(dog heartworm)

Migrate towards peripheral @ night when insect vectors will be biting more readily

Segments = annuli

Mouth surrounded by two pairs of hooks

Lepeoptheirus salmonis

Structures:

-Cephalothorax

-Antennae

-Genital segment

-Ovisacs

-Abdomen

Lernaea horns

holdfast

Lernaea ovisacs containing eggs (left)

Lernaes vestigial legs

Salmincola 

(gill parasite)

bulla (left)

Maxillae and anterior of trunk (right)

Salmincola

(gill parasite)

Trunk and ovisacs

Argulus

Structures:

-Antennae

-Compound eyes

-Pre-oral stinger (stylet)

-Sucking cups

-Mouth

FREE SWIMMING

Lironeca

(isopod)

Notice:

-Segmentation

-Flattened body

-Short abdomen

-7 segments/7 legs act as hooks

-Compound eyes

Cyamus

(whale louse)

Structures:

-Antennae (left)

-gnathopod (left)

-Abdomen (right)

Cyamus

(whale louse)

Structures:

-marsupium

-gills (bloated)