Term
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Definition
Anticoagulant
MoA
Prevents fibrin conversion, no effect on clots
DoA
Onset Immediate; Peak varies; Duration 4 hours
Indications
Thrombosis, Embolus, Coronary occlusion
Contra
Antiplatelet drugs in use
Dose
Load 80 units/kg (P: 50u/kg); Maintain 18u/kg/hr (7.5) |
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Term
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Definition
Antidysrhythmic
MoA
Prolongs Action Potential; Calcium channel block
DoA
Onset 5-15m; variable peak and duration
Indications
Suppresses VFib/pulseless VTach refractory to defib; Suppresses pulse VTach
Contra
Iodine allergy; medication-induced Ventricular dysrythmia; Torsades
Dose
VF/Pulseless VT:
Adult 300mg push 14mL NS, repeat 150mg in 7mL
Pedi 5mg/kg slow push over 1-2m in 10mL NS
VT pulse: 150mg in 100mL NS infusion over 10min |
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Term
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Definition
Antihistamine
MoA
Decreases vasodilation; reverses extrapyramidal reaction
DoA
Onset 15-30min; Peak 1hr; Duration 3-12hrs
Indications
Symptomatic allergies; anaphylaxis; acute dystonic
Contra
Asthma; glaucoma; pregnancy; htn; infants
Dose
Adult 25-50mg IM/IV/PO;
Pedi 1-2mg/kg IV, PO 5mg/kg |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
MoA
Block calcium ions; vasodilator; reduces pre+afterload
DoA
Onset 2-5min; Duration 1-3hrs
Indications
AFlutter and AFib with rapid ventricle rate
Contra
Wide QRS tachy; Cardiogenic shock
Dose
Adult initial bolus 0.25mg/kg over 2min; if needed, re-bolus in 15min, 0.35mg/kg over 2min |
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Term
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Definition
Carbohydrate, hypertonic
MoA
Rapid increase of glucose levels
DoA
Onset less than 1 minute, variable lengths
Indications
Altered LOC due to hypoglycemia
Contra
Intracranial hemorrhage, delirium tremens
Dose
Adult 12.5-25g slow IV
Pedi 0.5-1g/kg/dose slow IV |
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Term
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Definition
Class
MoA
DoA
Indications
Contra
Dose
Other |
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Term
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Definition
Class
MoA
DoA
Indications
Contra
Dose
Other |
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Term
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Definition
Class
MoA
DoA
Indications
Contra
Dose
Other |
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Term
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Definition
Class
MoA
Increase conduction through AV node, increases HR,
Inhibits Ach in parasympathetic sites, overrides Vagus
DoA
Onset immediate; Peak Rapid 1-2min; Duration 2-6h
Indications
Bradycardia; organophosphate poisoning
Contra
Tachycardia; Sensitivity; acute hemorrhage, ischemia
Dose
Adult 1mg IV every 3-5min as needed, max 3mg
Pedi 0.02mg/kg IV/ET/IO, min dose 0.1mg, max 1.0mg |
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Term
HYDROCORTISONE/METHYLPREDNISONE
Solu-Cortef; Solu-Medrol |
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Definition
Corticosteroid
MoA
Suppresses inflammation; Immunosuppressive;
DoA
Onset depends on indication; Peak 8-12 hours
Indications
Asthma; Anaphylaxis; Croup; Adrenal Insufficiency
Contra
Allergic; HTN; GI Bleeding; none for single dose
Dose
Hydro: 2mg/kg IV bolus, max of 100mg
Methyl: same ratio, max of 125mg |
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Term
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Definition
Corticosteroid
MoA
Suppresses inflammation; immunosuppressive
DoA
Onset hours; Peak 8-12h; Duration 24-72hr
Indications
Anaphylaxis, asthma, spinal injury, ICP
Contra
Allergy/hypersensitive
Dose
Adult 10-100mg IV (1mg/kg slow bolus)
Pedi 0.25-1.0mg/kg/dose IV/IM/IO |
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Term
Calcium
Chloride/Gluconate |
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Definition
Electrolyte
MoA
Positive inotropic, enhance ventricular automaticity
DoA
Onset 5-15min; Peak 3-5min; Duration 15-30min , may persist for 4h, dose dependent
Indications
Hyperkalemia, MgSO4 OD, Crush syndrome
Contra
Hypercalcemia, VF, digitalis
Dose
Adult 500-1000mg of 10% solution IV over 5min
Pedi 20mg/kg/dose of 10% |
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Term
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Definition
Endogenous Nucleotide
MoA
Slows conduction through AV node; interrupts re-entry; slows HR
DoA
Up to 12 seconds
Indication
PSVT; not Afib/Aflutter
Contra
2nd or 3rd degree block; VTach; sensitivity
Dose
Adult: 6mg over 1-3s; if no response, 12mg, max 18mg; Pedi 0.1mg/kg bolus; no response, 0.2mg/kg over 3 seconds
Interactions: Methylxanthines antagonize, Dipyridamole potentiates
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Term
Fentanyl Citrate
Sublimaze |
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Definition
Narcotic Analgesic
MoA
100X more potent MoA as Morphine
DoA
Onset Immediate; Peak 5-15min; Duration 30-60 min
Indications
During anesthetic periods, RSI preparation
Contra
Known abusers
Dose
1 mcg/kg to max of 150mcg, slow IV push |
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Term
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Definition
Nonbarbiturate Anesthetic
MoA
Blocks impulses from cortex that determine pain perception; short acting amnesia without relaxation
DoA
Onset 30s; Peak 5-10min; Duration 1-2 hours
Indications
Pain, sedation and adjunt to nitrous oxide
Contra
Stroke, HTN, unstable cardiac, caution with narcotics
Dose
Sedation: 1-2 mg/kg IV over 1 min, or 4mg/kg IM
Pain: 0.3mg/kg IV/IO/IM/IN |
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Term
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Definition
Benzodiazepine; CNS Depressant
MoA
Anxiolytic; Memory Impairment; Short Acting
DoA
Onset 1-3 min IV; Peak variable; Duration 2-6 hours
Indications
Seizure; Sedation prior intubation; Conscious Sedation
Contra
Glaucoma; Shock; Coma; EtOH; OD; CNS Depressant use
Dose
Adult 2-6mg slow IV push, max 0.1mg/kg
Pediatric MedControl; 0.1 mg/kg IV max 8mg
Infant 0.05-0.1mg/kg IV max 5mg |
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Term
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Definition
Sedative-Hypnotic; Anticonvulsant
MoA
Stimulates inhibitory transmitters; induces amnesia and sedation
DoA
Onset 1-5min; Duration 20-50 minutes
Indications
Seizure; acute anxiety; Analgesia for procedures; tremens
Contra
Sensitivity; glaucoma; coma; shock; abuse; head injury
Dose
Seizure: Adult 5-10mg IV q 10-15min pm, max 30mg
Pedi 0.2mg/kg/dose every 15-30m, max 10mg
Rectal Diazepam: 0.5mg/kg 2"catheter, flush 2-3ml air
Sedation for Cardiovert: 5-15mg over 5-10min |
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Term
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Definition
Sedative; Benzodiazepine; Anticonvulsant
MoA
Anxiolytic; suppresses activity in cortex, thalamus, and limbic system
DoA
Onset 1-5min; Peak variable; Duration 6-8 hours
Indications
Status Epilepticus; Severe Anxiety; Sedation
Contra
Coma; Shock; Drug Abuse
Dose
IV: Dilute with equal NS; IM do not dilute
Adult: 2-4mg slow IV/IM at 2mg/min, max 8mg
SEDATION - 0.05 mg/kg up to 4mg IM
Pedi: 0.05-0.2mg/kg slow 2 min IV, or IM, max 0.2mg
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetic
MoA
Direct alpha+beta agonist; blocks histamine release
DoA
Onset immediate; Peak minutes; Duration several min
Indications
Cardiac arrest/asystole/PEA, VF; Bronchospasm, asthma, bronchiolitis; anaphylaxis, acute allergic reaction
Contra
HTN; hypothermia; Pulmonary Edema; Hypovolemic
Dose
Adult:
Respiratory 0.3-0.5mg (=mL 1:1000) IM
Anaphylaxis 0.3-0.5mg (3-5mL 1:10,000) IV
Cardiac 1 mg IV push (1:10,000) every 3-5min
Pedi:
Allergy 0.01mg/kg (1:1000) IM, max 0.5
Cardiac 0.01mg/kg IV (0.1mL/kg 1:10,000) |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetic and Inotropic
MoA
Increase systemic resistance, myocardial contraction and volume
DoA
Onset 1-4m; Peak 5-10m; Duration ends when infusion stops
Indication
Shock (cardio, septic, spinal, distrib), hypotension with low output
Contra
Hypovolemia, pheochromocytoma, tachy, VF
Dose
5-20 mcg/kg/min
Other: 2-4 Renal dilation, 4-10 beta-adrenergic, 10-20 alpha stimulant |
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Term
Albuterol
Proventil, Ventolin |
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Definition
Sympathomimetic, Bronchodilator
MoA
Selective b-2 agonist; relaxes smooth muscle
DoA
Onset in 5-15m, Peak in 30m-2hr, Duration of 3-4hr
Indications
Bronchospasm in reversible obstructive disease (COPD/asthma)
Contra
Hypersensitive; Tachycardia, digitalis; other sympathomimetics used
Dose
Adult 2.5mg, dilute 0.5mL of 0.5% solution into 2.5mL NS via nebulizer over 10-15m
Pedi 2.5mg in 6mL NS
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