Term
|
Definition
Class-Narcotic (opioid)
Action-Analgesia and sedation through binding of opiate receptors
Indications-moderate to severe pain
Contraindications-Hypotension, hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-2-10 mg, .1mg/kg
Routes-IV, IO, IM, SQ, PO
Adverse Effects-Hypotension, Syncope, Bradycardia, Apnea, Nausea, Vomiting, Respiratory depression
Other-Use appropriate monitors. Naloxone is an antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Narcotic (opioid)
Action-Analgesia and sedation through binding to opiate receptors
Indications-Moderate to severe pain
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-0.5-2 mg
Routes-IV, IO, IM, SQ, PO
Adverse Effects-Nausea, Vomiting, Cramps, Respiratory depression
Other-use appropriate monitors. Naloxone is an antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Narcotic (opioid)
Action-Analgesic through binding to opiate receptors
Indications-Moderate to severe pain. Anesthetic
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-50-100 mcg
Routes-IV, IO, IM, SQ, IN
Adverse Effects-Nausea, Vomiting, Cramps, Chest wall rigidity, Respiratory depression
Other-Use appropriate monitors. Naloxone is an antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Nonnarcotic analgesic, antipyretic (para-aminophenol derivative)
Action-Exact mechanism uncertain but felt to inhibit cyclooxygenase
Indications-Mild-moderate pain, fever
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug, alcoholism, chronic liver disease, head injury, hypotension, previously taken the drug, inability to swallow, respiratory distress, persistent vomiting, under 3 years of age
Doses-3-5 yo 160mg/5ml, 6-9 yo 320mg/10ml, 10 yo and up 640mg/20ml, NR 325-650 mg
Routes-PO
Adverse Effects-Not clinically significant
Other-can be liver toxic- use minimal dose necessary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Action-Platelet inhibitor, Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic through inhibition of thromboxane A2 Class-NSAID
Indications-Chest pain when acute myocardial infarction is suspected, Mild to moderate pain, Fever, Platelet aggregation inhibitor
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug, Bronchospasm, Angioedema, Patients receiving MAOIs
Doses-Pediatric: not indicated, Adult: 324 mg or 325 mg chewed. NR 350-650 mg
Routes-PO
Adverse Effects-Heartburn, Wheezing, Nausea, Vomiting, GI bleeding, Allergic reactions
Other-commonly causes gastric upset, avoid enteric-coated aspirin in chest pain |
|
|
Term
Normal Saline
0.9% Sodium Chloride Solution |
|
Definition
Class- Isotonic volume expander, Electrolyte replacement
Action-a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for fluid and electrolyte replenishment
Indications-a source of water and electrolytes
Contraindications-Severe Hypertension, Pulm. edema
Doses-20cc/kg of lean body weight for hypovolemic hypotension.
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects- febrile response, infection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis, extravasation, and hypervolemia.
Other-If administering a fluid bolus check BP and lung sounds every 250cc. Discontinue bolus if pulmonary edema is discovered, or once BP is in therapeutic range (generally SBP above 90 mm/Hg). Avoid hypervolemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Benzodiazepine
Action-Binds to Type A GABA receptors causing sedation
Indications-Anxiety, Seizures, Muscle relaxation
Contraindications-History of hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-2-10 mg
Routes-IV, IM, IO, PO, rectal
Adverse Effects-Hypotension, Sedation, Amnesia, Respiratory depression, Nausea, Vomiting
Other-Incompatible with other medications because not as water soluble, Can cause irritation with injection, Flumazenil is an antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Benzodiazepine
Action-Binds to Type A GABA receptors causing sedation
Indications-Anxiety, Seizures, Sedation
Contraindications-History of hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-1-5 mg
Routes-IV, IM, IO
Adverse Effects-Hypotension, Sedation, Amnesia, Respiratory depression, Nausea, Vomiting
Other-Flumazenil is an antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Benzodiazepine
Action-Binds to Type A GABA receptors causing sedation
Indications-Anxiety, Seizures, Sedation
Contraindications-History of hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-1-4 mg
Routes-IV, IM, IO, PO, rectal
Adverse Effects-Hypotension, Sedation, Amnesia, Respiratory depression, Nausea, Vomiting
Other-Flumazenil is an antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Dissociative anesthetic
Action-Causes dissociation between the cortical and limbic system
Indications-Sedation, Analgesia
Contraindications-History of hypersensitivity to the drug, Hypertension
Doses-0.5-1 mg/kg (IV), 2-4 mg/kg (IM)
Routes-IV, IM
Adverse Effects-Hallucinations
Other-All monitors should be in place, Resuscitative equipment should be immediately available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Nonbarbiturate, nonbenzodiazepine sedative
Action-Uncertain, but appears to potentiate GABA receptors
Indications-Sedation
Contraindications-History of hypersensitivity to the drug. Hypersensitivity to egg or soy products
Doses-25-75 mcg/kg/min
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Pain on induction, Nausea, Vomiting, Respiratory depression
Other-All monitors should be in place, Resuscitative equipment should be immediately available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Nonbarbiturate, nonbenzodiazepine sedative
Action-Uncertain, but appears to potentiate GABA receptors
Indications-Sedation
Contraindications-History of hypersensitivity to the drug.
Doses-0.1-0.3 mg/kg
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Myoclonic jerks, Respiratory depression, Laryngospasm
Other-Does not have analgesic properties, Calcium-channel blockers can prolong respiratory depression, Can cause increased cortisol levels, All monitors should be in place, Resuscitative equipment should be immediately available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Butyrophenone
Action-Blocks dopamine receptors associated with mood and behavior
Indications-Psychosis
Contraindications-Hypotension, Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-15-69yoa 5 mg, >69yoa 2.5 mg, 12-14yoa 2.5-5 mg, 6-11yoa 0.05 mg/kg max 2.5 mg, <6yoa contraindicated, NR 2-10 mg
Routes-IM, PO
Adverse Effects-Extrapyramidal reactions, Insomnia, Restlessness, Dry mouth, Hypotension, Tachycardia
Other-Hypotension more common in patients taking antihypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Muscarinic anticholinergic (Parasympatholytic)
Action-Selectively blocks muscarinic receptors inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation
Indications-Bradycardia, Antidote for organophosphate poisoning, Premedication for RSI
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-0.5-2 mg
Routes-IV, IO
Adverse Effects-Blurred vision, Dry mouth, Dilated pupils, Confusion
Other-Organophosphate poisonings may require a significantly higher dose
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Muscarinic anticholinergic (Parasympatholytic)
Action-Selectively blocks muscarinic receptors inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation
Indications-Bronchospasm associated with obstructive lung disease (asthma, COPD)
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-500 mcg
Routes-Inhaled
Adverse Effects-Blurred vision, Dry mouth, Dilated pupils, Cough, Confusion
Other-Typically administered with a beta agonist (although not as frequently) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Action-Binds to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction causing depolarization + paralysis
Indications-Rapid sequence intubation (RSI)
Contraindications-Hyperkalemia, Neuromuscular disease, Crush injury, Burns, Increased intracranial pressure, Severe trauma
Doses-1.5 mg/kg (60-150 mg) rapid IV push may repeat at 0.5 mg/kg (20-50 mg) rapid IV push, NR 1-2 mg/kg
Routes-IV, IO
Adverse Effects-Hyperkalemia, Bradycardia, Prolonged paralysis, Malignant hyperthermia, Increased intracranial pressure, muscle fasciculation, Trismus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Action-Binds to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction causing paralysis
Indications-Rapid sequence intubation (RSI)
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-0.05 mg/kg (2-5 mg) IVP, NR 01-0.15 mg/kg
Routes-IV, IO
Adverse Effects-Skeletal muscle weakness, Malignant hyperthermia, Apnea
Other-These agents should only be used by person skilled in their use, competent at complicated airway management, and with all necessary resuscitative equipment available
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Sympathetic agonist
Action-α- and β- adrenergic agonist (β effects more pronounced although dose-related)
Indications-Cardiac arrest, Sympathetic bradycardia, Normovolemic hypotension, Allergies/anaphylaxis, Severe bronchospasm
Contraindications-Few in emergency setting
Doses-Cardiac Arrest 1 mg (1;10,000), Anaphylaxis, Asthma 0.01 mg/kg IM (1:1000) max dose 0.5 mg, NR 0.3-1 mg
Routes-IV, IO, IM, SQ, ET, Inhaled
Adverse Effects-Palpations/Anxiety, Headache/Dizziness, Hypertension, worsen cardiac ischemia, Tremulousness
Other- 1:1000 (1mg/ml) 1:10,000 (1mg/10ml) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Sympathetic agonist
Action-α- and β- adrenergic agonist
Indications-Normovolemic hypotension, Symptomatic bradycardia, Septic shock, Cardiogenic shock
Contraindications-Should not be used in hypovolemia until volume replacement has occurred
Doses-2-20 mcg/kg/min (titrate to effect) Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Palpations, Anxiety, Tremulousness, Headache, Dizziness, Hypertension, Can worsen cardiac ischemia, Reflex bradycardia
Other-Extravasation can cause localized tissue damage, Best administered through a central line, Proposed renal benefit has been disproven |
|
|
Term
Albuterol
Ventolin, Proventil |
|
Definition
Class-β-agonist
Action-β-agonist with preference for β2 adrenergic receptors
Indications-Bronchospasm, Allergies/anaphylaxis, Hyperkalemia
Contraindications-Known Hypersensitivity to the medication
Doses-2.5 mg (SVN), 90 mcg (MDI)
Routes-Inhalation
Adverse Effects-Palpations, Anxiety, Tremulousness, Headache, Dizziness, Tachycardia
Other-The patient's heart rate and SpO2 should be monitored during treatment
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Class III antiarrhythmic
Action-Prolongs action potential and duration in cardiac tissues through sodium, potassium, and calcium channels; blocks α- and β- adrenergic receptors
Indications-Ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular fibrillation, Narrow-complex tachycardia
Contraindications-Breast feeding, Bradycardia, High-grade heart block, Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-150-300 mg Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Hypotension, Bradycardia, Prolonged PR, QRS, and QT
Other-Constant ECG monitoring, Now first-line agent in ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Class IB antiarrhythmic; local anesthetic
Action-Amide-type local anesthetic; slows depolarization and automaticity
Indications-Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation refractory to amiodarone, Local anesthetic
Contraindications-Should not be administered to patients receiving IV calcium channel blockers
Doses-.5-.75 mg/kg - 1-1.5 mg/kg (Arrest instead of amio)
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Drowsiness, Slurred speech, Confusion, Seizures, Hypotension
Other-Use with caution when administered with other antiarrhythmic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Class IB antiarrhythmic; anticonvulsant
Action-Depresses automaticity and AV conduction; reduces voltage and spread of electrical discharges in motor cortex
Indications-Life-threatening arrhythmias from digitalis toxicity, seizures
Contraindications-Bradycardia, High-grade heart block, Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-15-18 mg/kg
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Drowsiness, Dizziness, Headache, Hypotension, Arrhythmias, Nausea, Vomiting
Other-Fosphenytoin is preferred for seizure management |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Nucleoside
Action-Slows AV conduction; short half-life
Indications-Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (Chemical Cardioversion)
Contraindications-Atrial fibrillation, Torsades des pointes
Doses-6 mg / 12mg / 12mg
Routes-IV - Fast Push
Adverse Effects-Facial flushing, Headache, Chest pain, Nausea
Other-Should be given by rapid IV push followed by saline bolus, Arrhythmias common following administration
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Class IV antiarrhythmic; calcium channel blocker
Action-Lowers blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle; slows AV conduction
Indications-Rapid ventricular rate associated with atrial fibrillation, Stable narrow-complex tachyarrhythmia
Contraindications-Hypotension, Congestive heart failure, Cardiogenic shock, Wide-complex ventricular tachycardia
Doses-0.25 mg/kg IV bolus (max 20mg), NR 15-20 mg Routes-IV - Slow
Adverse Effects-Nausea, Vomiting, Dizziness, Headache, Hypotension
Other-Can be given as IV bolus or IV infusion, Calcium chloride can reverse some of the untoward effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Mineral/electrolyte
Action-Physiologic calcium-channel blocker; bronchodilator
Indications-Torsades des pointes, Asthma, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Contraindications-High-degree heart blocks, Shock, Dialysis, Hypocalcemia
Doses-1-2 g
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Flushing, Sweating, Bradycardia, Respiratory depression, Hypothermia
Other-Can cause cardiac conduction problems in conjunction with digitalis
|
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat
(tablet, spray) |
|
Definition
Class-Nitrate
Action-Relaxes vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation, decreased cardiac work, and improved coronary blood flow
Indications-Chest pain, Congestive heart failure
Contraindications-Hypotension, Increased intracranial pressure
Doses-0.4 mg
Routes-SL (tablet or spray)
Adverse Effects-Headache, Dizziness, Weakness, tachycardia, Hypotension
Other-Tablets will lose effectiveness after exposure to air, Monitor BP closely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Nitrate
Action-Relaxes vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation, decreased cardiac work, and improved coronary blood flow
Indications-Chest pain, Congestive heart failure
Contraindications-Hypotension, Increased intracranial pressure
Doses-0.5-1 inch
Routes-Transdermal
Adverse Effects-Headache, Dizziness, Weakness, tachycardia, Hypotension
Other-Do not get paste on your finger as this may cause a headache, Monitor BP closely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Antihistamine
Action-Nonselectively blocks H1 and H2 histamine receptors
Indications-Allergies, Extrapyramidal reactions, Parkinson's disease, Sedation, Anaphylaxis
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug, Glaucoma, Pregnancy
Doses-25-50 mg
Routes-IV, IM, IO, PO
Adverse Effects-Drowsiness, Dizziness, Sedation, Dry mouth
Other-If given IM, give deep in muscle
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Phenothiazine
Action-Suppresses the CTZ; has antihistaminic effects
Indications-Nausea, Vomiting
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-12.5-25 mg
Routes-IV, IM, PO
Adverse Effects-Drowsiness, Dizziness, Sedation, Dry mouth, Extrapyramidal symptoms
Other-Can potentiate CNS depressants (e.g., alcohol), Extravasation can cause local tissue injury, Rarely used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Serotonin antagonist
Action-Selectively blocks 5-HT3 serotonin receptors including those in the CTZ and vegus nerve terminals
Indications-Nausea, Vomiting
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-4-8 mg
Routes-IV, IM, PO
Adverse Effects-Dizziness, Lightheaded
Other-Commonly used in emergency medicine because of good safety profile
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Hormone (analog of antidiuretic hormone)
Action-Non-adrenergic vasoconstrictor; promote fluid retention in the kidney
Indications-Cardiac arrest, Normovolemic hypotension
Contraindications-Few in emergency setting
Doses-40 units
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Blanching of the skin, Abdominal cramping, Nausea, Hypertension
Other-Benefits in cardiac arrest are questionable
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Hormone (oxytocin)
Action-Oxytocin; causes uterine contractions and lactations
Indications-Postpartum vaginal bleeding, Induction/augmentation of labor
Contraindications-Anything other than post-partum bleeding (in the prehospital setting)
Doses-10-20 units in 500 ml IV; 3-10 units (IM)
Routes-IV, IM
Adverse Effects-Anaphylaxis, Arrhythmias
Other-Ensure placenta (and possible additional baby) has delivered before administering
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Hormone (glucagon)
Action-Elevates blood glucose levels through conversion of glycogen to glucose and other factors
Indications-Hypoglycemia, Beta-blocker overdose
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-0.25-0.5 u(IV) 1 mg IM
Routes-IV, IM, IO
Adverse Effects-Few in the emergency setting
Other-Less effective in patients with decreased glycogen stores (e.g., alcoholics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Carbohydrate
Action-Substrate for carbohydrate metabolism
Indications-Hypoglycemia
Contraindications-None in the emergency setting
Doses-12.5-25 g
Routes-IV, PO
Adverse Effects-Local venous irritation common, Tissue injury
Other-Less concentrated solutions (e.g., 10%)equally effective with fewer side-effects
|
|
|
Term
Methylprednisolone
Solu-Medrol |
|
Definition
Class-Hormone (analog of corticosteroid)
Action-Anti-inflammatory suppresses immune response
Indications-asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-125-250 mg
Routes-IV, IO
Adverse Effects-GI bleeding, Increases blood glucose levels
Other-Effects are delayed and not typically seen in the prehospital setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Opiate antagonist
Action-Opiate antagonist without opiate agonist properties (it has no activity when given in the absence of an opiate agonist)
Indications-Partial reversal of opiate drug effects, Opiate overdose
Contraindications-Hypersensitivity to the drug
Doses-0.4-2 mg
Routes-IV, IO, SQ, IN, nebulizer
Adverse Effects-Fever, Chills, Nausea, Diarrhea, Opiate withdrawal
Other-administer enough to reverse respiratory depression and avoid full narcotic withdrawal syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Cyanide antidote
Action-Vasodilator; oxides hemoglobin to methemoglobin which reacts with cyanide ion to form cyanomethemoglobin, that is enzymatically degraded
Indications-Cyanide poisoning
Contraindications-None in the emergency setting
Doses-1-2 inhalants
Routes-Inhaled
Adverse Effects-Headache, Weakness, Dizziness, Flushing, Tachycardia, Orthostatic hypotension
Other-Headache and hypotension common, Can worsen hypoxia in the setting of carbon monoxide poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Cyanide antidote
Action-Vasodilator; oxides hemoglobin to methemoglobin which reacts with cyanide ion to form cyanomethemoglobin, that is enzymatically degraded
Indications-Cyanide poisoning
Contraindications-Should not be administered to asymptomatic patients
Doses-150-300 mg
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Headache, Weakness, Dizziness, Flushing, Tachycardia, Orthostatic hypotension
Other-Headache and hypotension common, Can worsen hypoxia in the setting of carbon monoxide poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class-Cyanide antidote
Action-Converts cyanide to thiocyanate which is removed by the kidneys
Indications-Cyanide poisoning
Contraindications-None in the emergency setting
Doses-12.5 g
Routes-IV
Adverse Effects-Nausea, Vomiting, Joint pain, Psychosis
Other-Should be administered as part of the standard (Pasadena) cyanide kit |
|
|
Term
Activated Charcoal
Charcodote |
|
Definition
Class- Poison Antidote
Action- binds and adsorbs ingested toxins, once bound to the activated charcoal the combined complex is excreted from the body
Indications- Many oral poisonings, medication overdoses
Contraindications- Corrosives, caustics, or petroleum distillates
Doses- Adult: 0.5 - 1 gm/kg diluted to a 500 ml aqueous slurry Pediatric: 0.6 - 2 gm/kg diluted to 250 ml aqueous slurry Routes-PO, NG
Adverse Effects- nausea/vomiting and constipation
Other- Does not adsorb all drugs and toxic substances (for example, cyanide, lithium, iron, lead and arsenic) |
|
|
Term
Calcium Chloride
Calcijet |
|
Definition
Class- Calcium Replacement
Action- Ca++ is an essential component for proper functioning nervous, muscular, skeletal and endocrine systems. Positive inotrope & dromotrope.
Indications- Hypermagnesemia, low serum calcium level, overdose of calcium channel blockers, hyperkalemic cardiac arrest, insect bites and stings
Contraindications- Hypersensitivity and digoxin toxicity
Doses-Adult: 8 - 16 mg/kg Pediatric: 20 mg/kg (0.2 ml/kg) slow IV/IO push, repeat for documented conditions Administer calcium chloride < 1 ml/min and Calcium gluconate < 2-3 ml/min Routes- IV
Adverse Effects- Hypersensitivity, flushing, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, ventricular irritability hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, asystole, VFib
Other- avoid rapid administration to all patients (slow IV push, over 5 - 10 minutes) especially digitalized ones |
|
|
Term
Dexamethasone
Decadron, Hexadrol |
|
Definition
Class- Glucocorticoid
Action- Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation, potentiates the relaxation of vascular and bronchial smooth muscle by beta-adrengic agonists, and possibly alters airway hyperactivity.
Indications- Endocrine, rheumatic, homological disorders, allergic states, septic shock, chronic inflammation
Contraindications- Hypersensitivity to glucocorticoid, active untreated infections
Doses-Adult: 4-24 mg. Some physicians may prefer significantly higher doses (up to 100mg) for usual indications. Pediatric: 0.25-0.5 mg/kg/dose IV/IO Routes-IV, PO
Adverse Effects-Decreased wound healing, hypertension, GI bleeding, hyperglycemia
Other-Because of its long onset time it is usually not indicated for EMS use in an allergic reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Action- Inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from loop of Henle and distal renal tubules; magnesium, potassium and calcium may be excreted also Class- Loop Diuretic
Indications- Treats fluid retention/overload caused by heart failure, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis; hypertension; acute pulmonary edema
Contraindications- Presence of severe electrolyte imbalances, hypovolemia, anuria, hepatic coma, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides CAUTION: Heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypotension, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, patients with hearing impairment Routes-PO, IV, IM
Doses- 40 - 120mg over 1-2 minutes IV; repeat 20mg in 2 hours; MAXIMUM: 4mg/minute infusion
Adverse Effects- Nausea, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalances, vertigo, abdominal cramping, constipation, rash, headache, weakness, ECG changes, blurred vision, photosensitivity, muscle cramping
Other-IV onset: 5 minutes, peak: 20-30 minutes, duration: 2 hours |
|
|
Term
Glucose Paste
Insta-Glucose |
|
Definition
Class-Hyperglycemic
Action- Provides a quickly absorbed form of glucose to increase blood glucose levels
Indications- Hypoglycemia
Contraindications- None
Doses-15 mg
Routes- BU, PO
Adverse Effects-Nausea, vomiting
Other- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class- Isotonic fluid
Action- Assist in fluid replacement for dehydration or blood loss
Indications- IV fluid for IV maintenance or Electrolyte replacement
Contraindications- None
Doses- 200-500cc
Routes- IV
Adverse Effects-
Other- Precautions with CVA, diabetics, and mixing with blood sets. |
|
|
Term
Terbutaline
Brethine, Bricanyl |
|
Definition
Action- Beta2 stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, inhibits mast cell degranulation, stimulates cilia to remove secretions, and relaxes uterine smooth muscles. Class- Beta agonist bronchodilator
Indications- Bronchodilation in COPD, asthma, and toxic inhalation. Stops uterine contractions with premature labor.
Contraindications- Hypersensitivity, caution with heart disease patients.
Doses- SQ: 0.25 mg, may repeat, max 0.5 mg/ 4 hrs.
PO: 2.5-5 mg every 4 to 6 hours. inh: 400 microgram every 4 to 6 hours. IV gtt: 10 microgram/minute, increase 5 microgram/minute every 10 minutes until contractions stop. Max 80 microgram/minute Routes- SubQ, IV, PO, inh
Adverse Effects- Hypertension, anxiety, tachycardia, and nausea/ vomiting.
Other- Fewer cardiac side effects than Epinephrine. |
|
|
