Term
| Pancreatitis: What causes the inflammation? |
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Definition
Enzymes:
-trypsin
-phospholipase
-elestase
*these are normally secreted to aid in digestion of fats and secreted from the pancreas into the pancreatic duct, then into the small intestine |
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Term
| Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology, What actually happens at the cellular level? |
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Definition
Cellular damage and necrosis leads to activation of enzymes and vasoactive substances that produce vasodilitation and increased vascular permeability which leads to edema
Vessels are damaged which leads to fluid shifting into interstitial, retroperitoneal and abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
-sudden onset
-triggered by fatty meal or ETOH
-leads to hospitalization, critical condition and death for some
-multisystem effects, reversible if they survive
- |
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Term
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Definition
-Pain: severe, sudden, upper left back, can vomit from severity
- Shock S/S: Decreased b/p, increased HR, cool clammy, decreased LOC, increased temp
-skin color changes, greenish hue |
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Term
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Definition
-long term pancreatic damage
-insulin issues |
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Term
| Chronic Pancreatitis: S/S |
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Definition
-recurrent pain, eventually fades to dullness
-N/V
-anorexia, weight loss
-steatorrhea (late) (fat, frothy, foul smelling, floating stools)
-insulin dependency (late & brittle)
-inability to break down fats and assist in digestion |
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Term
| Acute Pancreatitis: What labs are elevated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic Pancreatitis: Complications |
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Definition
-pseudocyst
-abscess
-hypocalcemia(fatt acids attack Ca, Ca dumped into urine)
-atelectasis/pneumonia
-sepsis |
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Term
|
Definition
1 bile production/excretion
2 metabolism (glucose, protein, ammonia, lipid, hormone)
3 blood coagulation
4 detoxification
5 immunity |
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Term
| Hepatitis: Preicteric (prodromal) S/S |
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Definition
-mailaise
-headache
-right upper quadrant pain
-N/V
-anorxia
-fever
-rash
-joint pain
-abrupt or slow onset
-often mistaken for flu |
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Term
|
Definition
-jaundice
-light colored stool
-dark urine
-pruritis
-GI s/s continue
-starts 5-10 days after onset of preicteric stage
-2-4 week duration
-jaundice common in A&B, not in C |
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Term
| Hepatitis: Posticteric (convalescent) S/S |
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Definition
-fatigue
-malaise
-liver enlargement for several months if slow recovery
-no jaundice
-decreased liver pain, enzymes, GI S/S |
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Term
|
Definition
-liver studies increased ( AST, SGOT, ALT, SGPT, GGT, LDH)
-bili increased
-coagulation studies: increased PT, PTT
-serum antigens to determine type
-maybe liver bx |
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Term
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Definition
-alcoholic (Laennec's)
-postnecrotic- results from hep B & C
-biliary- obstruction of bile flow
-longstanding hx of R CHF |
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Term
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Definition
-weight loss
-fatigue
-fever
-dull heaviness in R upper abdomen
-N/V
-blood disorders
-jaundice
-peripheral neuropathy
-altered hormones in men (breasts, impotence, red palms, spider angiomas) |
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Term
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Definition
-liver flap
-person will flap wrists when they raise their arms
-early sign of hepatic encephalopathy |
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Term
| Hepatic Encephalopathy: Cause |
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Definition
| -ammonia and nitrogen waste build up which leads to CNS changes |
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Term
| Hepatic Encephalopathy: S/S |
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Definition
-LOC
-cognition and motor function disabilities |
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Term
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Definition
-portal hypertension= ascites
-spenomegaly= anemia, low platelets, low WBC
-esophageal varices
-hepatic encephalopathy
-asterixis (liver flap, early sign)
-hepatorenal syndrome= kidney failure |
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Term
| What labs are elevated/decreased with Cirrhosis? |
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Definition
Increased:
-ammonia
-glucose
Decreased:
-protein
-albumin |
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Term
| What does a patients urine/stool look like with cirrhosis? |
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Definition
Stool: clay, sandy colored, frothy
Urine: increased bilirubin, dark |
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