Term
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Definition
Mesomorph
Heavy bones, very muscular |
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Term
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Definition
Ectomorph
Thin, small body frame |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
No body fat or muscle
Often causes Cardiac arrhythmias
(anorexic patients, for example) |
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Term
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Definition
| Above normal BMI causing orthopedic and Cardivascular compromise (endomorph) |
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Term
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Definition
Increased GH after plates have closed
Causes thickened bones and skull and enlarged hands and feet |
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Term
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Definition
Increased GH during childhood
Normal proportions but VERY tall |
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Term
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Definition
Small body but equally proportioned
An adult is less than 4'6" tall |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal head and trunk but short arms and legs |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal head and trunk but elongated limbs (very long hands and feet) |
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Term
| Signs of Cardiac Distress |
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Definition
Clutching Chest
Pallor
Diaphoresis |
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Term
| Signs of Respiratory Distress |
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Definition
Labored breathing
Cyanosis
Pallor
Wheezing
Uncontrollable Cough
Leaning forward |
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Term
Level of Consciousness:
Alert |
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Definition
awake & aware
understands "date and situation" |
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Term
Level of Consciousness:
Confused |
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Definition
Disoriented
Inattentive
Making no sense |
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Term
Level of Consciousness:
Lethargy |
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Definition
| Sleepy but able to be woken up fairly easily |
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Term
Level of Consciousness:
Obtundant |
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Definition
| Extremely sleepy and hard to wake up |
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Term
Level of Consciousness:
Stuporous |
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Definition
| Not arousable except by painful stimuli |
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Term
Level of Consciousness:
Comatose |
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Definition
Semi-Comatose: unarousable, even with painful stimuli
Deep-Comatose: unresponsive reflexes |
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Term
Level of Consciousness:
Delirious |
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Definition
Confused
Disoriented
Hallucinations
Agitated |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tremor-like, shuffling steps |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Continuous quivering
Involuntary movement from alternating contractions of opposing muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Spasmodic muscular contraction
Primarily within the face, head, neck and shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
| Jerky uncontrolled movement |
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Term
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Definition
Twisting, writhing movments
associated with Cerebral Palsy |
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Term
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Definition
Nonfluent
Good Comprehension
Labors with words
Defect in Broca's Area |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of ability to understand native tongue
Fluent, but sentences lack meaning
Minimal comprehension
Defect in Wernicke's Area |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficulty with Articulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Tongue-tied, Clumsiness with words |
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Term
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Definition
Inability to make sound
Loss of voice |
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Term
| Conversion of inches into meters |
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Definition
2.54 cm = 1 inch
100 cm = 1 meter |
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Term
| Conversion of pounds into kilograms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Men = 106 lbs (5') + 6 lbs (per inch)
Women = 100 lbs (5') +5 lbs (per inch) |
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Term
| Temperature Conversion of Celsius to Farenheit and vice versa |
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Definition
(Celsius x 9/5) + 32 = temp in F
(Farenheit - 32) x 5/9 = temp in C |
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Term
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Definition
The Body Mass Index using ratio of weight to heigh
BMI 19-25 = Healthy
BMI > 25: consider nutrition counseling (overweight)
BMI < 17 = possible eating disorder
BMI > 30 = obese
BMI > 35, measure waist circumfrence
BMI > 40 = morbidly obese |
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Term
| Normal Ranges for Temperature |
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Definition
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Oral 98.6˚F (37˚C)
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Axillary 97.6˚F(36.4˚C)
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Rectal 99.4˚F(37.5˚C)
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Ear 99.4˚F(37.5˚C)
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Skin 98.6˚F (37˚C)
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Term
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Definition
nAdult 16-20
nChildren 20-25
nInfants (1-2 yrs) 20-40
nNewborn 30-80 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperpyrexia (Hyperthermia) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
temperature: 105 F - 109 F
Caused by Drugs, Cancer, Autoimmune |
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Term
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Definition
Temperature > or = 105 F
Malfunction of the thermal regulation of the hypothalamus
Hot, Red, Dry skin |
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Term
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Definition
Temperature < 98.6 F
Cold, Clammy Moist skin
Weakness due to excessive loss of water, sodium |
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Term
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Definition
No sweating
Lethargic
Stuporous
Altered Mental state (AMS |
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Term
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Definition
Temperature < 95 F
nSigns & Symptoms
¨Shivering
¨Pale, cold, clammy skin
¨Listlessness
¨↓ pulse
¨↓ respiration
Those at risk: severe burn patients and alcoholics
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Term
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Definition
Slow (< 8 breaths/min)
Due to CNS problems, Drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Rapid, shallow breathing (32-40 breaths/min)
Due to Restrictive lung disease, COPD or Pleuritic CP |
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Term
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Definition
Rapid, deep breathing (32-40 breaths/min)
Etiology (Hyperventilation): exercise, anxiety, metabolic acidosis or brain stem injury |
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Term
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Definition
Deep breathing at a variable rate
Due to Metabolic Acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
Difficulty breathing
Symptoms: nares flaring, gasping, anxious |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes Respirations |
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Definition
Alternating periods of hyperpnea and apnea
From deep, to shallow and quiet
Due to:
¨Normal during sleep
¨Brain damage
¨Severe cardiopulmonary distress
¨HF
¨Drug induced
¨Severe depression |
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Term
| Biot's Respirations (Ataxic) |
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Definition
Unpredictable with no pattern
Irregular depth and rate
Etiology: brain damage or respiratory depression |
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Term
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Definition
Difficulty breathing when lying in a supine position
Etiology: Heart Disease |
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Term
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) |
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Definition
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
nAwake gasping at night
nMay pace, go to window
nEtiology
¨Heart failure
¨Anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
High pitched sound when inspiration
Etiology: upper airway or pharyngeal d/o
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Term
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Definition
nAdult - 60 – 100 beats/ min
nChildren 75 – 110 beats/ min
nInfants 80 – 120 beats/ min
nNeonate 120 – 170 beats/ min |
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Term
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Definition
nApical vs radial pulse
nShould not be a major difference
nOccurs when:
¨Radial pulse < apical pulse
¨18 – 20 = 2
¨Atrial fibrillation
¨Congenital aortic defects |
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Term
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Definition
nDifference betw. Systolic vs diastolic pressure
nExpressive of tone of arterial walls
n120 – 80 = 40
nAbnormal PP:
¨> 50
¨< 30 |
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Term
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Definition
n↑ arterial pulse w/ double systolic peak
nEtiology
¨Aortic valve abnormalities
¨Carotid abnormalities
¨Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Term
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Definition
nPulse alternates in amplitude from beat to beat
nStrong & weak alternating
nRhythm is regular
nEtiology
¨Heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
nDisorder of rhythm
nNormal beat alternating w/ premature contraction
nNormal beat → premature beat → pause
nMistaken for Pulse alternans
nPulse varies in amplitude |
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Term
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Definition
nPalpable ↓ in pulse amplitude on quiet inspiration
nRate goes up slightly
nSystolic pressure ↓ by > 10mmHg during inspiration
nEtiology
¨Pericardial tamponade (cardiac)
¨Constrictive pericarditis
¨Obstructive lung disease |
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Term
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Definition
Normal < 120 < 80
Prehypertension 120-139 80-89
HTN Stage 1 140-159 90-99
HTN Stage 2 > 160 > 100 |
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Term
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Definition
nSitting BP → Standing BP
¨Normally drop in systolic by 10-15 mmHg
¨Normally rise in diastolic by 5 mmHg
¨If drops 20-30 mmHg → not normal
nCalled Orthostasis or Orthostatic Hypotension
nDue to Volume Loss:
¨Dehydration
¨Bleeding
¨CNS dysfunction
¨BP medication |
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Term
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Definition
nOnly systolic BP is elevated
nDiastolic BP is normal
nExample: 140/ 78
nSeen in geriatric patients
nArteries are less elastic, thus increase pressure |
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Term
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Definition
nGap between Korotkoff sounds
nHear beat at 180 mHg, disappears at 110 mmHg
nThen hear again at 90 mmHg, disappears at 75 mmHg
n180 → 110 → 90 → 75
nUse first and last reading 180/75 mmHg
nEtiology:
¨Arterial sclerosis Hypertension |
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