Term
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Definition
aware and awake but cannot move or talk
caused by damage to lower neurons and brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of 1 or more cognitive or intellectual function |
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Term
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Definition
| forgetfulness, emotional upset, disorientation, confusion |
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Term
| Selective Attention Deficit |
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Definition
| inability to select from available, competing environmental and internal stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of past memories, pathology in cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Unable to form new memories; pathology of the hippocampus and temporal lobes |
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Term
| Executive Attention Deficit |
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Definition
| prevents programming, verification, and correction |
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Term
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Definition
excess fluid within the cranial vault or subarachnoid space, decreased CSF reabsorption and more CSF produced, obstruction in ventricle(s)
Sx: Large head, h/n/v, irritability, fatigue, seizures, developmental delay, memory loss, diplopia |
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Term
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(aka Lou Gehrig's Disease) |
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Definition
Degeneration of motor neurons
Sxs: Muscle weakness, atrophy and twitching; unable to control voluntary movement except eyes |
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Term
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Definition
Degrading of the basal ganglia and loss of GABA
Sxs: Chorea (excessive mvmt), impaired swallowing, dementia, depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle rigidity, tremors, slow/loss of movement, impaired speech, shuffle gait |
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Term
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Definition
Destruction of oligodendrocytes, which causes demyelination of neurons
Sxs: Numbness or weakness in limbs, optic neuritis, diplopia, tremors, fatigue, dizziness
Lhermitte's sign- bending neck forward |
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Term
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Definition
Autoimmune disorder where Antibodies black Ach receptors at post-synaptic NMJ
Sxs: ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, muscle weakness and fatigue |
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Term
Diffuse Axonal Injury
(aka Shaken Baby's Syndrome) |
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Definition
| Traumatic coma (>6 hours), retina/optic nerve stretching and hemorrhaging, damage to the corpus callosum or brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete loss of reflex function below level of the lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| Attention and memory deficits with no loss of consciousness (graded 1-4) |
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Term
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Definition
| high blood pressure (>200mmHg), intense HA, profuse siaphoresis, facial redness, goosebumps, nasal stuffiness |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuchal rigidity, severe HA, mild sore throat, mild fever, Kernig or Brudzinski sign, decreased blood glucose, increased WBC count |
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Term
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Definition
Contagious viral infection (poliovirus)
Loss of reflexes, severe muscle aches or spasms, acute flaccid paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
CT disease, myopathy--caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses
Sxs: Dysphagia, Dysphasia, mild joint or muscle tenderness, fatigue, SOB |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic deficiency of the protein dystrophin
Sxs: muscle weakness, lack of coordination, progressive crippling, loss of mobility |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the brain, viral/bacterial infection
Sxs: HA, irritability, lethargy, fever, seizures
can lead to brain damage/death |
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Term
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Definition
Automimmune, inflammatory disease that may be caused by undercooked food, mono, or HIV
Demyelination of peripheral nerves, motor paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary muscular disorder, muscle weakness |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of a spinal nerve root |
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Term
| Arnold-Chiari malformation |
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Definition
Cerebral tonsils elongate and herniate through the foramen magnum and press on the spinal cord
Sxs: Neck pain, unsteady gait, poor motor skills, dizziness, dysphagia, double vision |
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Term
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Definition
Protrusion of contents in the neural tube; may be caused by a folic acid deficiency in the mother
Severe cases may have neuro impairment |
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Term
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Definition
Bone forms too fast and new cells stop forming so the bones of the skull fuse together prematurely
Sxs: Slow or no growth of head, intracranial pressure, facial or head deformities |
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Term
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Definition
Enlargement of the 4th ventricle with absence of the cerebellar vermis; may be caused by a cyst at the base of the skull
Sxs: Slow motor development, intracranial pressure, irritability, vomiting, convulsions |
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Term
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Definition
Static brain disease due to asphyxia, fetal stroke, maternal/fetal infections, or hypoxic conditions during fetal development
Sxs: increased muscle tone, inability to control muscle movement, tremors, involuntary movement, dysphagia
NOT progressive |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited defect in amino acid metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
Inherited defect in lipid metabolism; accumulation of lipids on the retinal ganglion cells
Mutated HEXA gene
Diagnostic: Cherry red spot on macula
Sxs: Mental retardation, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, blind, deaf, unable to swallow, muscular atrophy, paralysis, dementia, seizures, increased startle reflex |
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Term
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Definition
Drug induced disease in children that can be caused by taking aspirin for viral infection (e.g. Chicken pox)
Sxs: Encephalopathy, enlarged firm liver |
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Term
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Definition
Cancer of the neural crest cells
Most common solid tumor in infants and young children (<2 years old)
Sxs depend on location |
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Term
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Definition
Usually harmless
Sympathetic fiber from neural crest cells that may progress into a neuroblastoma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Glioma (astrocytoma, ependymomas) |
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Definition
Tumor in the brain that develops from the supporting cells
Sxs depend on location of tumor (HA, N/V, seizure, weakness/numbness |
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Term
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Definition
Irregular breakdown an formation of bone tissue sue to hyperactive osteoclasts
Sxs: bones expand and weaken, nerve pain, HA, arthritis, and fractures |
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Term
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Definition
Infection of the bone caused by staph
Sxs: Necrotic bone, fever, and pain |
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Term
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Definition
Tumors that occur spontaneously in the epiphysis of the femur, tibia, radius, or humerus
Extensive bone reabsorption
Sxs: pain, weakened bone, fractures |
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Term
| Kahler's Disease (aka myeloma) |
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Definition
cancer of the plasma cells that make antibodies that accumulate in the bone and may travel to the kidney
Sxs: CRAB- increased Ca+, renal failure, anemia, bone lesions |
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Term
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Definition
Masses of osteoid, noncalcified bone matrix and callus
Arms and legs are most common |
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Term
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Definition
tumor that infiltrates trabeculae in spongy bone (metaphyses or diaphyses)
Lobules of hyaline cartilage expand/enlarge bone because of mutated chondrocytes and erosion of the cortex |
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