Term
| 3 forms of ophthalmoplegia caused by sphenocavernous syndrome |
|
Definition
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Which type of ophthalmoplegia is caused by infection of the facial sinuses |
|
Definition
| Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis |
|
Definition
Sinus drainage
IV steroids
IV broad-spectrum antibiotics
Heparin |
|
|
Term
Involvement of Cavernous Sinus vs Orbit
Which is more likely to have VA loss and exophthalmos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 symptoms that may precede Cavernous Sinus thrombosis |
|
Definition
| Headache, fever and malaise |
|
|
Term
| Carotid-Cavernous Fistula can happen anteriorly or posteriorly, which is more urgent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carotid-Cavernous Fistula can happen anteriorly or posteriorly, which is more commonly caused by head trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular presentation of Carotid-Cavernous Fistula |
|
Definition
Red eye
Corkscrew shaped vessels
Proptosis
increased IOP
ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
Term
| Carotid-Cavernous Fistula may be mistaken for what routine ocular condition |
|
Definition
| Pink Eye since the eye is so red |
|
|
Term
| Which cause of ophthalmoplegia can be confirmed with a stethoscope |
|
Definition
| Carotid Cavernous Fistula |
|
|
Term
Direct vs. Indirect Fistula
which tends to occur spontaneously |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Direct vs. Indirect Fistula
Which is less likely to recover spontaneously |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of ophthalmoplegia is caused by nonspecific inflammation and can happen in the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these three ophthalmoplegias often remits and relapses
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Tolosa Hunt Syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 presenting symptoms of Tolosa Hunt Syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Tolosa Hunt Syndrome the pupils are often involved, how will they present if the internal carotid artery is involved |
|
Definition
| Miotic-since the sympathetic plexus wraps around the interal carotid |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of choice of Tolosa Hunt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 Neuropathies that cause ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Miller-Fisher Syndrome
Abetalipoproteinemia
Refsum Disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the most frequent cause of acute paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Campylobacter jejuni is associated with which syndromes |
|
Definition
Guillain Barre
Miller-Fisher |
|
|
Term
| Ocular presentation of Guillain Barre |
|
Definition
Bilateral ptosis
Optic neuritis/papilledema
Poor near tried response |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve is most frequently involved in Guillain Barre syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 ways to diagnose Guillain Barre |
|
Definition
Lumbar puncture (proteins & WBC in CSF)
Electromyography-(demyelination?)
Nerve conduction (slow or blocked?) |
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of Guillain Barre |
|
Definition
70% complete recovery
20% residual disability
10% mortality |
|
|
Term
| Treatments of Guillain Barre syndrome |
|
Definition
IV immunoglobulin
Plasmapheresis |
|
|
Term
| Classic Miller-Fisher triad |
|
Definition
Ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Areflexia |
|
|
Term
| Ptosis in Miller-Fisher may mimic what other condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the ataxia in Miller Fisher Syndrome |
|
Definition
Truncal ataxia
Difficulty with tandem gait
positive Romberg |
|
|
Term
| Which direction of gaze is affected first in Miller Fisher |
|
Definition
| Upgaze first, then horizontal and down |
|
|
Term
These ocular motor findings correlate with which syndrome
INO
One-and-a half syndrome
Pretectal Syndrome
Spasm of near reflex
Divergence paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Miller Fisher syndrome has detectable autoimmune antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 methods of diagnosing Miller Fisher |
|
Definition
Lumbar puncture
Look for Demyelination on EMG
Look for slow nerve conduction
IgG antibodies in bloodwork |
|
|
Term
| Which syndrome is a subset of Guillain Barre |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Miller Fisher |
|
Definition
IV immunoglobulin
Plasmapheresis
(Same as GBS) |
|
|
Term
| How does absence of apolipoprotein B affect metabolism |
|
Definition
| malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (D,A,K, E) |
|
|
Term
| Irritable Bowel, Ulcerative Colitis, Celiac and Crohn's all are similar to what condition that causes ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-ocular motor findings of abetalipoproteinemia |
|
Definition
Steatorrhea
Cerebellar ataxia
Areflexia
Loss of proprioception
Pigmentary retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| Ocular motor findings of abetalipoproteinemia |
|
Definition
Ophthlamoplegia
Ptosis
Slow saccades
Dissociated nystagmus (fast adduction, slow abduction)
INO |
|
|
Term
| How may abetalipoproteinemia affect vision |
|
Definition
Night blindness
Dyschromatopsia
Pigmentary retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| How is abetalipoproteinemia acquired |
|
Definition
| Autosomal recessive (thus congenital) |
|
|
Term
| How will abetalipoproteinemia manifest on small intestine biopsy |
|
Definition
| Lipid deposits in mucosa (PATHOGNOMONIC) |
|
|
Term
| How will abetalipoproteinemia manifest in blood work (2 ways) |
|
Definition
spiny RBCs
very low total cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of abetalipoproteinemia |
|
Definition
| Oral or IV vitamin A, E, K and iron |
|
|
Term
| 3 possible results of lack of treatment of abetalipoproteinemia |
|
Definition
Nyctalopia
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Intellectual disability |
|
|
Term
| which condition is caused by malabsorption of phytanic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestations of Refsum's Disease |
|
Definition
Ophthalmoplegia
Loss of pursuits
Early-onset cataracts
RP-like retinopathy
visual field defects |
|
|
Term
| 4 systemic effects of Refsums Disease |
|
Definition
Peripheral polyneuropathy
Cerebellar ataxia
anosmia
hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| Retinopathy associated with Refsums disease resembles what other form of retinopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ophthalmoplegia-causing condition is associated with skin changes |
|
Definition
| Refsums Disease, which causes ichthyosis |
|
|
Term
| 2 ways to diagnose Refsums Disease |
|
Definition
Blood serum levels of phytanic acid
abnormalities of the 3rd and 4th metatarsal and metacarpal |
|
|
Term
| Which foods should be avoided by those with Refsum's Disease |
|
Definition
Dairy
Ruminant Animal meat
Fatty fish |
|
|
Term
| term for a dyskinesia caused by spontaneous discharge of the trochlear nerve |
|
Definition
| Superior Oblique Myokymia |
|
|
Term
| DDX of Superior Oblique Myokymia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 causes of Superior Oblique Myokymia |
|
Definition
Fatigue
Caffeine
Aberrant regeneration
Vascular compression at root of trochlear nerve |
|
|
Term
| Describe the direction of problematic eye movements in Superior Oblique Myokymia |
|
Definition
| Torsional, vertical rotations |
|
|
Term
| 3 triggers of superior oblique myokymia |
|
Definition
Blinking
tilting head towards side of affected eye
Downgaze |
|
|
Term
| 4 meds for treatment of SOM |
|
Definition
Carbamazepine
gabapentin
Baclofen
Propanolol |
|
|
Term
| Surgery to treatment of SOM |
|
Definition
| Superior Oblique Tenotomy with ipsi IO |
|
|
Term
| How may ocular neuromyotonia be precipitated |
|
Definition
| Holding eyes in eccentric gaze, especially adduction |
|
|
Term
| Episodes of diplopia caused by involuntary contractions of extraocular muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common disorder of the neuromuscular junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OCULAR myasthenia is more common in ______ whereas general MG is more commen in __________ (under 40yo) |
|
Definition
| OCULAR myasthenia is more common in men whereas general MG is more commen in _women__ (under 40yo) |
|
|
Term
| Fluctuating asymmetric external ophthalmoplegia with ptosis and weak eye closure is diagnostic of which condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 symptoms that 2/3 of myasthenia gravis pts present with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
| acetylcholine receptor antibodies block post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors, preventing the excitatory effects of acetylcholine on the muscles. |
|
|
Term
| what direction of gaze may cause ptosis to worsen in MG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the curtain sign in MG |
|
Definition
| Manual elevation of one eyelid in bilateral ptosis leads to worsening of ptosis in fellow eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pt looks down for 15sec then back to primary gaze, upper lid overshoots upward then slowly resettles back to ptotic position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sustained eyelid closure leads to widening of palpebral fissure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Juvenile
Neonatal
Congenital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypermetric small saccades
Hypometric large saccades
Hyperfast saccades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gaze-evoked centripetal drift or fatigue nystagmus |
|
|
Term
Classification of MG
Rapid progression of severe symptoms with respiratory crisis and poor drug response, high incidence of thymoma and high mortality. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Classification of MG
Slow progression, drug responsive, no crisis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathophysiology of the tensilon test on Myasthenia Gravis |
|
Definition
| The edrophonium chloride temporarily blocks Ach reuptake |
|
|
Term
| 3 methods of diagnosing Myasthenia Gravis |
|
Definition
Tensilon Test
Single-fiber electromyography
Blood work for antibodies |
|
|
Term
| 5 Treatments of Myasthenia Gravis |
|
Definition
Prisms
Immunosuppressants
Plasmapheresis/ IV immunoglobulin
Mestinon (cholinesterase inhibitor)
Thymectomy |
|
|
Term
| 3 benefits of thymectomy in patients with MG |
|
Definition
Clinical Improvement
Drug-free remission
Reduced med requirements |
|
|
Term
| presynaptic disorder of neuromuscular transmission due to impaired release of acetylcholine |
|
Definition
| Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) |
|
|
Term
| 2/3 of all cases of LEMS are caused by__________________________ |
|
Definition
| 2/3 of all cases of LEMS are paraneoplastic |
|
|
Term
| Where do the autoantibodies attach to, to cause LEMS |
|
Definition
| auto-antibodies attach to voltage gated calcium channels at the pre-synaptic neuromuscular junction |
|
|
Term
| 3 symptoms of LEMS related to the autonomic nervous system |
|
Definition
Blood pressure changes
Dizziness upon standing
Dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| 3 autoimmune diseases associated with Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome |
|
Definition
Pernicious Anemia
thyroid disease
Sjogren syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Muscles most severely affected by LEMS |
|
Definition
Proximal Leg muscles
Pelvic girdle |
|
|
Term
| Why does LEMS cause muscle wasting |
|
Definition
Trick Question
It does not generally cause wasting, just hyporeflexia |
|
|
Term
| 2 diagnostic tests for LEMS |
|
Definition
Electromyography
Nerve Conduction Velocity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Plasmapheresis
Prednisone
Anticholinesterase meds
3,4-diaminopyridine |
|
|
Term
| Which recreational drug is associated with botulism |
|
Definition
| black tar heroin from Mexico |
|
|
Term
| Systemic features of Botulism |
|
Definition
| Nausea, vomiting, dysphagia and weakness of proximal muscles |
|
|
Term
| Ocular features of botulism |
|
Definition
Ptosis
Ophthalmoplegia
dilated non reactive pupil |
|
|
Term
| Ocular eye movements with botulism |
|
Definition
| quivering hypometric multistep saccades with backward drifts |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of foodbourne botulism |
|
Definition
| Remove stomach contents, administer antitoxin |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of wound botulism |
|
Definition
debride wound
administer antitoxin and antibiotic |
|
|
Term
| How does INO in MG present differently than in a regular INO |
|
Definition
| In MG it is partial INO, the adduction is slower than the abduction. In normal INO there is complete abduction. |
|
|
Term
| 2 forms of ophthalmoplegia caused by mitochondrial myopathies |
|
Definition
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
Kearns-Sayre Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| a subtype of Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia caused by a single mitochondrial DNA deletion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is pigmentary retinopathyin Kearns-Sayre syndrome different from RP |
|
Definition
KS retinopathy=mostly on posterior pole with salt and pepper appearance, mild nyctalopia
RP=peripheral and mid-peripheral with bone spicule appearance, severe nyctalopia |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Kearns-Sayre Syndrome |
|
Definition
| Biopsy and staining of the orbicularis shows red ragged fibers which are a marker for dysfunction of mitochondrial DNA |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Kearns-Sayre |
|
Definition
| Dietary-high lipids, low-carb, supplemental CoQ10, vitamins B1, and B7 |
|
|
Term
| 2 meds that should be specifically avoided in Kearns-Sayre syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differentiate CPEO vs. Myasthenia |
|
Definition
CPEO-saccades are slow throughout the entire movement
Myasthenia-initial high speed of saccades |
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark feature of MELAS syndrome |
|
Definition
| Stroke-like episodes before age 40 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes |
|
|
Term
| How does mitochondrial dysfunction manifest in MELAS syndrome |
|
Definition
| manifested as lactic acidosis or ragged-red muscle fibers |
|
|
Term
| Encephalopathy due to MELAS is characterized by 3 things |
|
Definition
Developmental delay
dementia
seizures |
|
|
Term
| 3 ocular manifestations of MELAS syndrome |
|
Definition
Ophthalmoplegia
optic atrophy
pigmentary retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| T of F MELAS is associated with diabetes mellitus and hearing loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mitochondrial Neuro-Gastro-Intestinal Encephalomyopathy syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Opthalmoplegia, Peripheral neuropathy, Leukoencephalopathy and recurrent nausea, vomiting or diarrhea with intestinal dysmotility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensory Ataxic Neuropathy Dysarthria and Ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
Term
| Which syndrome causes Ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, ophthalmoplegia and sensory loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes SANDO syndrome |
|
Definition
| multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA |
|
|
Term
| Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy is also known as ___________ syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 types of mutations that can cause Leigh Syndrome |
|
Definition
Mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mitochondrial inheritance)
Mutations of nuclear DNA (autosomal recessive) |
|
|
Term
| Pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome due to mitochondrial mutation |
|
Definition
| deficiency of enzyme in respiratory chain leads to lactic acidosis, leads to respiratory or cardiac failure |
|
|
Term
| Ophthalmic findings in Leigh Syndrome |
|
Definition
Optic atrophy
retained cell nuclei in lens cortex |
|
|
Term
| Ocular motility findings in Leigh syndrome |
|
Definition
Gaze evoked, seesaw & upbeat nystagmus
Ocular tilt reaction
horizontal/vertical gaze palsies-->total ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestations of Myotonic Dystrophy |
|
Definition
bilateral ptosis
bilateral external ophthalmoplegia
miotic pupils
Visual-perceptual problems (due to intellectual disability) |
|
|
Term
| Cataract found in 100% of pts with myotonic dystrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following was not listed in association with Myotonic Dystrophy
a. pigmentary retinopathy
b. subluxated lens
c. iris neo
d. corneal epithelial dystrophy |
|
Definition
b. subluxated lens,
All the others may be seen in myotonic dystrophy |
|
|
Term
| What is the most prevalent neuromuscular disease in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which condition is especially common the in Sanguenay region of Quebec, Canada |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 methods of diagnosing Myotonic Dystrophy |
|
Definition
SLE for Christmas tree cataract
Electromyography
Electrocardiography->bradycardia
Muscle biopsy
Genetic testing |
|
|
Term
| 5 treatments for Myotonic Dystrophy |
|
Definition
Phenytoin for the myotonia
Cataract surgery
Pacemaker
Ptosis surgery
Prisms for diplopia |
|
|
Term
| Facial features associated with Myotonic dystrophy |
|
Definition
Frontal balding
Hollowing of temporalis & masseter
Facial weakness
slackened mouth and long face
thin neck (wasting of SCN) |
|
|
Term
| The largest group of Americans with Oculopharyngeal Muscular dystrophy live where |
|
Definition
| Hispanics living in New Mexico |
|
|
Term
| Pts with oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy often have bilateral ptosis, how do they compensate for this |
|
Definition
| They can develop the "Astrologist's posture" which is retroflexion of the head and downward gaze posture |
|
|
Term
| 4 descriptions of ptosis associated with OMD |
|
Definition
Acquired
Bilateral
Complete (almost)
Dramatic |
|
|
Term
| 2 methoods of diagnosing Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy |
|
Definition
High Creatine Phosphokinase levels
Abnormal vacuoles in muscle biopsy |
|
|
Term
| How is Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy differentiated from MG |
|
Definition
| Abnormal vaculoles in muscle biopsy in OMD and not in MG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no cure, just treat symptoms, so ptosis surgery and gastrostomy for dysphagia |
|
|
Term
| 2 conditions that can cause fibrotic dystrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do fibrotic dystrophies cause internal or external ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which extraocular muscles are affected by Graves' disease first |
|
Definition
| Inferior muscles (IR and IO) |
|
|
Term
| 3 methods of diagnosing Graves' disease |
|
Definition
Ultrasound/MRI of orbit
Thyroid function tests
Radioactive iodine scanning |
|
|
Term
| Ultrasound is used to diagnose Graves' disease, what are they looking for |
|
Definition
| Enlargement of EOMs with sparing of the tendons |
|
|
Term
| What substances are analyzed in thyroid function tests for Graves' |
|
Definition
#!-Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (diagnostic)
free 13
free T4
TSH
Thyrotropin
antithyroglobulin |
|
|
Term
Treatment of Graves' disease:
For hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treatment of Graves' disease:
for hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treatment of Graves' disease:
For strabismus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treatment of Graves' disease:
For exposure keratitis |
|
Definition
Nocturnal taping
orbital decompression |
|
|
Term
Treatment of Graves' disease:
For optic neuropathy |
|
Definition
Corticosteroids
Radiation therapy
Orbital decompression |
|
|
Term
| Another term for orbital myositis found in the literature |
|
Definition
| Myositic form of idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor |
|
|
Term
| Manifestation of Orbital myositis |
|
Definition
sudden onset of:
Diplopia w pain
conjunctival chemosis and edema
proptosis |
|
|
Term
| What do we see in ultrasound/CT/MRI of Orbital myositis |
|
Definition
| Enlargement of EOMS AND the tendons |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate imaging results of Graves' vs. Orbital myositis |
|
Definition
Graves'- enlargement of EOMs but not tendons
Myositis-enlargement of EOMS and tendons |
|
|
Term
| Idiopathic inflammatory Orbital Pseudotumor may occur in association with lupus and….. (name 3 more) |
|
Definition
RA
Sarcoidosis
Wegener's granulomatosis |
|
|
Term
| How boes bacterial myositis often occur (cause?) |
|
Definition
| After trauma, bacteria enters orbit via paranasal sinuses |
|
|
Term
T or F
Infectious myositis causes ocular motility disturbances due to muscle invasion |
|
Definition
| False, rather it is caused by generalized inflammation with soft-tissue edema, not muscle invasion |
|
|
Term
| Ocular motility manifestations of Brown Superior Oblique Tendon Sheath Syndrome |
|
Definition
Deficient elevation on adduction
normal or near normal elevation on abduction and in primary gaze |
|
|
Term
| Forced duction test results in Brown Superior Oblique Tendon Sheath syndrome |
|
Definition
| Mechanical restriction of upward and nasalward motion |
|
|
Term
| 2 causes of congenital browns syndrome |
|
Definition
Congenitally short or inelastic tendon
abnormal tendon-trochlear complex |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of congenital browns syndrome |
|
Definition
SO tendon tenotomy with IO recession
Controlled weakening of SO using a silicone expander |
|
|
Term
| 4 causes of Acquired Browns syndrome |
|
Definition
Iatrogenic (SO surgery or RD surgery)
trauma
Paranasal sinus disease
RA |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Acquired Browns syndrome |
|
Definition
Same surgeries as for congenital
Local injection of corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| Appearance of Grade 1 Third nerve palsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Appearance of Grade 2 Third nerve palsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Appearance of Grade 3 Third nerve palsy |
|
Definition
| Exohypotropia with ptosis |
|
|
Term
| Appearance of Grade 4 Third nerve palsy |
|
Definition
| Exohypotropia with ptosis and pupil involvement |
|
|
Term
| How will the eye be rotated in a CN III palsy |
|
Definition
| Intorted due to unopposed action of SO |
|
|
Term
| Appearance of pupil in Grade 4 CN III palsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which directions of eye movement are affected in CN III palsy |
|
Definition
adduction
elevation
depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ISCHEMIA
Hemorrhage
Infiltration or tumour
inflammation
compression |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of CN III palsy |
|
Definition
| Ischemia-embolic or thrombotic occlusion of portions of basilar artery |
|
|
Term
| Syndrome with ipsilateral third nerve palsy plus contralateral facial hemiparesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Syndrome with ipsilateral third nerve palsy plus ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia and contralateral tremor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Claude syndrome, the cerebellar ataxia is due to involvement of the ___________ and tremor is due to involvement of the _____________________ |
|
Definition
| In Claude syndrome, the cerebellar ataxia is due to involvement of the superior cerebellar peduncle and tremor is due to involvement of the red nucleus |
|
|
Term
| 3 forms of congenital cranial dysinnervation syndrome |
|
Definition
Congenital fibrosis of EOMS
Duanes
Mobius |
|
|
Term
| Why is congenital fibrosis of the EOMs not termed ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
| because the problem is in the orbit |
|
|
Term
| Syndrome that is thought to be due to congenital absence of one 6th nerve nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eye movement abnormalities in Duanes |
|
Definition
| marked limitation of abduction and variable adduction |
|
|
Term
| Which directions of gaze are involved in Duanes type II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Syndrome characterized by palsies of one Adbucens and one Facial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of Duanes syndrome looks most like Mobius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systemic effects of mobius |
|
Definition
| limb abnormalities/deformities, most commonly affecting the feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retraction and elevation of eyelid on attempted downgaze |
|
|
Term
| If when a pt attempts to look down, instead their eyelid retracts and elevates, what nerve misdirection may have occurred |
|
Definition
| Misdirection of fibers for inferior rectus to levator palpebrae |
|
|
Term
| If when a pt attempts to adduct instead their eyelids eleavte, what nerve misdirection may have occurred |
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Definition
| Misdirection of fibers for medial rectus to levator palpebrae |
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Term
| What may cause occasional retrtaction of the globe on attempted vertical gaze |
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Definition
| simultaneous contraction of elevators and depressors |
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Term
| Oculomotor Nerve Synkinesis may cause what pupil abnormality |
|
Definition
| Pseudo-Argyll Robertson Pupil |
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Term
| What nerve fiber misdirection can cause Pseudo-Argyll Robertson Pupil |
|
Definition
| Misdirection of fibers to medial rectus to pupillary sphincter muscles |
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Term
| All vertical deviations are due to ___________ ___________ palsy until proven otherwise |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common cause of 4th nerve paresis |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 ways to DDX Trochlear Palsy and Skew Deviation |
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Definition
Skew deviation-magnitude of deviation is same in all positions of gaze
Trochlear-magnitude of deviation is greater in some positions of gaze
Head tilt- contralateral in Trochlear, in same direction as cyclotorsion in skew |
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Term
| Neoplasm is commonly a cause of which nerve paresis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 4 Treatments for EOM Palsies |
|
Definition
Prisms
Botox
Surgery
Vision Therapy |
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